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National Endowment for the Humanities

Hopi Poetry

For Teachers K - 5th Standards
The Hopi refer to corn as their children, demonstrating its importance to the Native American group. Class members consider the role of literal and figurative language by examining poetry from this indigenous group. The resource includes...
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Poems in Sections: The Mosaic Format

For Teachers 11th - Higher Ed
Students explore poetry. They examine metaphors. Students discuss and write examples of "figurative" and "literal" language. They read mosaic poetry. Students write a poem in mosaic format.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

It's Raining Cats and Dog: Studying Idioms

For Teachers 7th
Seventh graders determine the literal and figurative meanings of idioms and research the history of idioms. In this idioms lesson, 7th graders read two books by Fred Gwynne and select two idioms from the texts to research. Students...
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

In a Pickle

For Teachers 5th
Fifth graders listen to a story that uses homonyms and figurative language throughout the text. They illustrate the literal and figurative meanings of some figures of speech.
Unit Plan
Curated OER

Say What?

For Teachers 5th
Students explore the literal and figurative meanings of twenty-nine phrases and sayings. This unit of nine lessons integrates written expression and convention to demonstrate the value of idioms to the language.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Understanding Idioms

For Teachers 6th - 8th
Students explore figurative language. For this idioms lesson, students research the origin of instructor-selected idioms. Students literally interpret the idioms. Interpretations are photographed and then presented to the class.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Similes, Metaphors, and Personification

For Teachers 8th
Eighth graders explore figurative language, specifically focusing on similes, metaphors and personification. They work on the web to identify poems that demonstrate simile, metaphor, and personification, then analyze how it enhances...
Unit Plan
Curated OER

Heavens to Betsy There Sure are a Lot of Sayings!!

For Teachers 2nd
Students explore a variety of sayings and phrases used in the English language in the seventeen lessons of this unit. Through visual, auditory, and kinestic activities, students are immersed in the study of the English language.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

It's Raining Idioms!

For Teachers 6th
Sixth graders analyze idioms and find examples from literature. They choose one idiom and finds pictures or draws pictures to show what it would mean if taken literally and what is it generally thought to mean.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Similes, Metaphors, and Symbols

For Teachers 4th - 6th Standards
Here is an outline of a lesson in which learners examine the use of similes, metaphors, and symbols in poetry. They define similes, metaphors, and symbols, complete a handout, and create a poem using types of figurative language.
PPT
Curated OER

Literary Techniques

For Teachers 11th - 12th
Need to review literary terms/techniques with your class? The slides in this presentation define and give examples of 22 common literary terms. The PowerPoint could be used for AP test prep.
Worksheet
Curated OER

Idiom

For Students 4th - 8th
In this idioms worksheet, learners write meanings of the idioms provided to them. Students complete 20 idiom meanings on this worksheet.
Worksheet
Curated OER

Idioms

For Students Higher Ed
In this idiom worksheet, students study 23 English idioms.  Students match each given idiom with its literal definition and meaning.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Headless Horseman, Heady Author

For Teachers 12th
Twelfth graders explore figurative language as it appears in Washington Irving's original text, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, answer questions based on story, and write sequels to it by using the different types of figurative language...
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Blanket the Plains

For Teachers Pre-K - 6th
Students discuss vivid imagery in a story.  In this figurative language lesson, students read samples of sensory language and then discuss the meaning of a piece of figurative language.  Students provide examples.
Lesson Plan
Curated OER

Elements of Fables

For Teachers 8th - 12th
Students explore the attributes of fables. In this literature instructional activity, students read several fables and identify the moral instructional activity, characterization, and figurative language in each. Students then retell...
Lesson Plan
EngageNY

Building Background Knowledge: Learning About the Historical and Geographical Setting of Esperanza Rising (Chapter 1: “Aguascalientes, Mexico, 1924”)

For Teachers 5th Standards
Set up your class to read Esperanza Rising, by Pam Muñoz Ryan, through a class read-aloud and exploration of the setting. The detailed instructional activity outlines each step. First, class members read over the first few pages and...
Interactive
Curated OER

The World of Idioms (1)

For Students 4th - 6th
In this idioms online worksheet, students use drop down menus add the correct word to 10 idioms. They submit their answers using the "Done" button.
Worksheet
Curated OER

Hidden Comparisons - Metaphors

For Students 3rd - 5th
In this metaphors worksheet, students review, identify, and explain meanings of metaphors in sentences. In this drawing and short answer worksheet, students answer eleven questions.
Interactive
Curated OER

Strange Expressions

For Students 3rd - 6th
In this online interactive idioms worksheet, students determine which multiple choice answer best answers each of the 10 questions dealing with strange expressions.
Lesson Plan
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Curated OER

Marching to the Beat of a Different Drum

For Teachers 10th - 12th Standards
Henry David Thoreau and Linda Ronstadt? Ann Tyler and Pete Townshend? Joyce Carol Oates and Pearl Jam? This richly detailed plan pairs classic literature with contemporary music and asks learners to analyze how the theme of conformity is...
Activity
Novelinks

Words by Heart: Guided Imagery

For Teachers 6th - 8th Standards
Sad, depressed, miserable, inconsolable, forlorn: so many synonyms have a lot of variety with their connotations. Through the guided imagery activity, writers explore the use of connotation and its influence on imagery and description by...
Activity
Novelinks

Zach’s Lie: Guided Imagery

For Teachers 6th - 8th Standards
Close your eyes and picture a time where you decided to tell the truth to someone. What were you wearing? How did you feel? Such prompts begin a guided imagery activity for Zach's Lie. Directions for creating an environment conducive to...
Unit Plan
Curated OER

Name That Phrase

For Teachers 5th
Students identify the American language, how it has changed and effected culture, and become familiar with idioms. In this American language lesson, students study the eight parts of speech, identify literal and figurative speech, study...