Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Atomic Structure

For Students 7th - 12th Standards
Learners explain historical findings such as Rutherford and Bohr's contributions, explain wave particle duality, and formulate Heinsenberg's uncertainty principle. They also draw s, p, and d orbitals, explain more historical findings,...
Handout
Science Struck

Science Struck: James Chadwick's Atomic Theory and Its Lasting Impact

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains how James Chadwick came to develop his atomic theory by building upon the work of other scientists.
Handout
Frostburg State University

General Chemistry Online: History of Chemistry

For Students 9th - 10th
A compilation of frequently asked questions in the world of chemistry. Look for answers about atomic theory, periodic table, and Lavoisier in this FAQ.
Handout
Other

Ancient Greek Philosophy: Democritus of Abdera

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of the theories of Democritus (c. 460-370 BC). He is best known as an atomist, having developed an atomic theory. Also discusses the ideas of other philosophers who are believed to have influenced Democritus.
Handout
Science Struck

Science Struck: Plum Pudding Model

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes J.J. Thomson's theory of atomic structure, called the 'Plum Pudding Model,' and how it was disproved by Ernest Rutherford.
Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Paul Dirac

For Students 9th - 10th
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac was an outstanding twentieth century theoretical physicist whose work was fundamental to the development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with...
Handout
Other

Cronodon: Atoms Models of the Atom

For Students 9th - 10th
Presents models of the atom developed by Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and Schrodinger. Includes successes and failures of each, illustrations, and detailed descriptions. Also discusses Dirac's model of the atom and introduces quantum...
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Democritus

For Students 9th - 10th
A look at the life of Democritus of Abdera. He helped to develop a theory of atomism, explained in detail here. Other significant ideas he had included his theory of perception, a theory of the soul and its relationship to living things,...
Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Enrico Fermi

For Students 9th - 10th
Enrico Fermi was a titan of twentieth-century physics. He outlined the statistical laws that govern the behavior of particles that abide by the Pauli exclusion principle and developed a theoretical model of the atom in his mid-twenties....
Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Edward Purcell

For Students 9th - 10th
Edward Mills Purcell was an American physicist who received half of the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his development of a new method of ascertaining the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. Known as nuclear magnetic resonance...
Handout
BBC

Bbc Mundo: El Ano Magico De Einstein

For Students 9th - 10th
A special feature on Einstein from the BBC, in Spanish. Follow Einstein's life, including his role in the development of the atomic bomb; learn about the impact and practical applications of his work; or watch a speech he gave in 1950...
Handout
Friesian School

Proceedings of the Friesian School/the Quantacized Atom

For Students 9th - 10th
A very lengthy page from friesian.com discussing Bohr's theory of electronic energy levels and the explanation of commonly observed atomic emission line spectra. The concept of a photon and Einstein's observation of the photoelectric...
Handout
Wikimedia

Wikipedia: Mutual Assured Destruction

For Students 9th - 10th
A complete description of the concept of Mutual Assured Destruction. Explains what the concept means, and how the concept was used during the Cold War and up to the George W. Bush Administration. Includes links to terms that may require...