Handout
Smithsonian Institution

Smithsonian Education: Spotlight Biography: Labor Reformers

For Students 9th - 10th
Biographical information on Samuel Gompers, Frances Perkins and Cesar Chavez. All three were inspirations for the labor union movement.
Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: The Iron Horse: Labor Conflicts and Unionism

For Students 9th - 10th
This several page chapter from the site From Revolution to Reconstruction outlines the growth of the union in the railroad industry in the late 19th century. Read about the strikes, working conditions, the beginning of the American...
Website
Ohio History Central

Ohio History Central: Samuel Gompers

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief biography of Samuel Gompers focusing primarily on his activities in labor union history.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: American Federation of Labor

For Students 5th - 8th
Samuel Gompers, master organizer, had a vision of a national union that would have economic clout, but would steer clear of politics. Read about his organization of skilled workers in craft unions under the banner of the American...
Handout
Ohio History Central

Ohio History Central: Terence Powderly

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief biography of Terence Powderly, formative leader of the Knights of Labor, as well as an official in the Bureau of Immigration.
Primary
Curated OER

History Matters: A Separate Peace: Alice Henry on Women and Unions

For Students 9th - 10th
A primary source on the influence of women in labor unions in the early 1900's. A distinction between men and women at union meetings is examined.
Handout
Digital History

Digital History: The Second Red Scare

For Students 9th - 10th
Senator Joseph McCarthy did not create the national obsession with communist subversion. It had arisen in the late 1930s, years before McCarthy had come to public notice. Angry that they had been barred from the corridors of power for 20...
Website
Employment Spot

Employment Spot: Labor Day

For Students 9th - 10th
Today, most Americans view Labor Day as the last chance to take a dip in the pool, a great excuse to barbecue with friends or a farewell to summer. But in 1894, when Labor Day was declared a legal holiday, the day was a celebration of...
Handout
The History Cat

The History Cat: Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

For Students 9th - 10th
Looks at the garment factory industry in the 1800s and the early part of the 20th century, where workers toiled in sweatshop conditions. After a terrible fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911, labor unions gained support in...
Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Text Sets: Workers' Rights

For Students 9th - 10th
As America grew, so did its production of agriculture and manufacturing, leading to a rise in workers and their demands. Study the history of worker's rights in America from the Industrial Revolution to today. This collection includes 13...
Handout
Other

Key People in Labor History: Mother Jones (1837 1930)

For Students 9th - 10th
Once called "the most dangerous woman in America", Mary Harris "Mother" Jones was one of the great organizers of the labor and union movements.
Handout
Other

Illinois Labor History Society: Gene Debs and the American Railway Union

For Students 9th - 10th
Description of the rise and fall of the American Railway Union in the context of the Pullman Strike.
Handout
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: Postwar Labor Tensions

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] A brief look at the growth of unions in the early 20th century. Read about the strikes in 1919 and their consequences.
Article
Other

Iww: The Basic Labor Laws: The Norris La Guardia Act (1932)

For Students 9th - 10th
A short history of the Norris-LaGuardia Act with respect to labor history.
Website
Ohio State University

E History: Labor Management Conflict

For Students 9th - 10th
History of the labor/management conflicts that occurred around the country at the beginning of the 20th century. Click on each of the links to get information about each of the conflicts.
Website
Other

Irc History: The Ludlow Massacre

For Students 9th - 10th
A good explanation of the Ludlow Massacre in the coalfields of Colorado and what led up to it. In addition, there is an interesting description of how this violent reaction to a strike by miners affected John D. Rockefeller, Jr., one of...
Handout
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1890 1945: The Age of Empire: Muckrakers

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the muckraking journalists and novelists who were at the forefront of movements pushing for stronger protections for workers and consumers. Their work led to the passage of several important pieces of legislation. Includes...
Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: America in Class: America in the 1920s: Prosperity: Labor Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
The National Humanities Center presents collections of primary resources compatible with the Common Core State Standards - historical documents, literary texts, and works of art - thematically organized with notes and discussion...
Article
Curated OER

History Matters:"rock Springs Is Killed":white Reaction to the Rock Springs Riot

For Students 9th - 10th
Read an article from the Rock Springs Independent railng against the return of the Chinese coal miners the day after the Rock Springs Massacre that resulted in the death of several Chinese laborers.
Website
Other

Wyo History: The Rock Springs Massacre

For Students 9th - 10th
Read this very detailed description of the Rock Springs Massacre and the circumstances that led up to it. Find out why Chinese immigrants became the focus of hatred and discrimination.
Primary
Curated OER

History Matters: "To This We Dissented": The Rock Springs Riot

For Students 9th - 10th
Read the description of the Rock Springs massacre written by the Chinese workers who lived through the massacre and presented to the Chinese Consul in New York. Included is a report of an investigation of those who died in the massacre....
Article
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: The Iron Horse: The Railroad Unions

For Students 9th - 10th
From a lengthy essay on the history of the railroad in the United States. This section lists a number of the railroad unions that formed in the latter half of the 19th century, and what they stood for.
Website
Other

Ibew: Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

For Students 9th - 10th
Read a brief description of the Clayton Antitrust Act, which Samuel Gompers considered the Magna Carta of labor legislation.
Primary
Curated OER

History Matters: I Will Kill Frick

For Students 9th - 10th
Find information about the Homestead strike and the treatment of the workers inspired some labor activists to plot the murder of Henry Clay Frick. Part of the autobiography of Emma Goldman.