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Native Peoples of North America: Paleo Indian Period and Tradition

For Students 9th - 10th
An overview of the three major Paleo Indian cultures, Clovis, Folsom, and Plano, found in North America from about 11,400 BC to 8,000 BC.
Article
National Institutes of Health

Paleoindian Large Mammal Hunters on the Plains of North America (1998)

For Students 11th - 12th
Published journal article that details faunal studies, hunting, weaponry, hunting strategy, butchering, and ritual activities. Seven cultural complexes are considered: Clovis, Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, Hell Gap, Alberta, and Cody.
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Cabrillo College: Native People of North America: Great Basin Culture Area

For Students 9th - 10th
Contains detailed information on the culture and history of the ancient people who lived in the Great Basin area, and also tells of their culture, religion, and way of life.
Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Wars, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.
Handout
New Advent

Catholic Encyclopedia: Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides information about the Catholic Indian Missions Bureau including its history and the work done by the bureau. Please note that "The Catholic Encyclopedia" is a historic reference source and should be viewed in the...
Website
Curated OER

National Park Service: Archaeology Program: The Earliest Americans Theme Study

For Students 11th - 12th
This exhaustive study of Paleo-Indians examines many of the sites where evidence of their occupation is found across the North American continent. This National Park Service study looks at evidence in found in projectile points,...
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Texas A&M University

Csfa: Circum Pacific Research by the Csfa

For Students 9th - 10th
Center for the Study of the First Americans at Texas A & M University is researching many different sites across North America looking in to theories of "Clovis First" and "Pre-Clovis" as to who were the first people to inhabit North...
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Other

Geo Times: The Ice Free Corridor Revisited

For Students 9th - 10th
A very comprehensive article about the ice-free corridor which was possibly the passageway for Paleoindians to enter North America. The discussion includes geology as well as anthropolpgy.
Handout
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Native Languages of the Americas: Native American Headdresses: Facts for Kids

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the different types of headdresses worn by Native American groups across North, Central and South America. (Note: some links to larger images no longer work.)
Article
Other

Usc News: Pnas: Topper Site in Middle of Comet Controversy

For Students 9th - 10th
The disagreement between those who theorize that Clovis man was the first to inhabit North America and those who beleive that there was a pre-Clovis culture continues even today. Archaeologists have found evidence of pre-Clovis points at...
Handout
New Advent

Catholic Encyclopedia: Catholic Indian Missions of Canada

For Students 9th - 10th
This article from The New Advent deals with the history and development of Catholic missions to the native peoples of Canada. Please note that "The Catholic Encyclopedia" is a historic reference source and should be viewed in the context...
Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Conquest, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Teachers 9th - 10th
A series of illustrations and accounts of Spanish conquest of Indians that reflect the fascination with and the brutality directed against native cultures.
Handout
New Advent

Catholic Encyclopedia: Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a biography of a Mohawk Indian woman who converted to Catholicism. She is recognized by the Church as a saint. Please note that "The Catholic Encyclopedia" is a historic reference source and should be viewed in the context of...
Lesson Plan
Alabama Learning Exchange

Alex: Extra, Extra!! Mary Rowlandson's Captivity Newscast

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This lesson will be an interdisciplinary lesson that involves both English Language Arts and Social Studies (History). The lesson will be primarily technology-based and also project-based that will have the students performing historical...
Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Missions, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
A Spanish Franciscan and a French Jesuit report on the reciprocal relationship between natives and Catholic missionaries as Europeans settled New France and New Spain.

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