Article
National Institutes of Health

Paleoindian Large Mammal Hunters on the Plains of North America (1998)

For Students 11th - 12th
Published journal article that details faunal studies, hunting, weaponry, hunting strategy, butchering, and ritual activities. Seven cultural complexes are considered: Clovis, Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, Hell Gap, Alberta, and Cody.
Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Relations, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
One modern historical assessment and several original accounts of the mistrust, negotiations, alliances, trading, and disease transmission between European colonizers and native peoples in North America.
Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Wars, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.
Article
Other

Adriaen Block, the Discovery of Long Island Sound and the New Netherlands Colony

For Students 9th - 10th
An interesting and comprehensive essay on Adriaen Block, the development of New Netherlands, Dutch trade, and the impact of the Little Ice Age in Europe on fur trade in North America.
Article
Other

Council on Spiritual Practices: A Brief History of the Native American Church

For Students 9th - 10th
An informative account of the Native American Church in North America and its use of the peyote cactus in its religious services.
Article
University of Iowa

Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist: Early Paleoindian Period

For Students 9th - 10th
Clovis and Folsom projectile points tell archaeologists a lot about the distribution of Paleoindians across North America. Read about these points, how they were made, and where these points were found in Iowa.
Article
Other

Usc News: Pnas: Topper Site in Middle of Comet Controversy

For Students 9th - 10th
The disagreement between those who theorize that Clovis man was the first to inhabit North America and those who beleive that there was a pre-Clovis culture continues even today. Archaeologists have found evidence of pre-Clovis points at...
Article
Smithsonian Institution

Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Paleoamerican Origins

For Students 9th - 10th
This detailed article from the Encyclopedia Smithsonian lays out the theories and evidence of who were the earliest inhabitants of North and South America. Beginning with the traditional theory of migration using the land bridge, and...
Article
Nature Conservancy

Nature Conservancy: Nash Prairie Preserve

For Students 9th - 10th
Explore the beauty of America's prairies and examine efforts to preserve this vanishing part of America's landscape.

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