Primary
Curated OER

History Matters: Joe Rudiak Remembers the 1919 Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
Read an interview with a former steelworker, who recalls the Great Steel Strike of 1919 when he was a young boy. Find out the ramifications for his family because his father was a union man who supported the strike. An audio of the...
Article
Curated OER

History Matters: Ideas in Conflict: Opposing Views of the Cripple Creek Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
The violent strike in Cripple Creek, Colorado, pitted the Western Federation of Miners against the mine owners. Read these statements by the two organizations giving their views of what happened in that conflict.
Handout
US Department of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Compensation From Before Wwi Through Great Depression [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
This interesting article from the Bureau of Labor Statistics discusses how working conditions and low pay prior to World War I led to the increase in union membership. Read how the government viewed labor and labor unions during World...
Website
University of Washington

Pacific Northwest Labor and Civil Rights Projects: Seattle General Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
A comprehensive look at the Seattle General Strike, which began in February, 1919. Here you will find an explanation of why the strike began, an interactive map of the location of important events, oral histories, contemporary newspaper...
Lesson Plan
Stanford University

Sheg: Document Based History: Reading Like a Historian: Pullman Strike

For Teachers 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] Students read primary source documents to solve a problem surrounding a historical question. This document-based inquiry instructional activity allows students read parallel accounts of the Pullman...
Primary
Calisphere: University of California Libraries

Univ. Of California: Calisphere: Great Depression: San Francisco General Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
Original photographs highlight the General Strike of San Francisco in 1934.
Lesson Plan
Stanford University

Sheg: Document Based History: Reading Like a Historian: Homestead Strike

For Teachers 9th - 10th Standards
[Free Registration/Login Required] Students solve a problem surrounding a historical question by reading primary source documents. This historical inquiry lesson allows students to use the historical thinking skills of corroboration,...
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Industrialization: Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor

For Students 11th - 12th
Learn about the lives of the working class in Industrial America, what led to the formation of labor unions, and why labor unions were not successful despite strike actions.
Website
University of Washington

U of Washington: Seattle General Strike: Industrial Workers of the World

For Students 9th - 10th
The Seattle General Strike of 1919, was the first time workers in the United States participated in a strike. This site is rich in resources that include photographs, video footage and oral histories.
Handout
Other

Illinois Labor History Society: Gene Debs and the American Railway Union

For Students 9th - 10th
Description of the rise and fall of the American Railway Union in the context of the Pullman Strike.
Handout
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: Postwar Labor Tensions

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] A brief look at the growth of unions in the early 20th century. Read about the strikes in 1919 and their consequences.
Website
Other

Encyclopedia of Arkansas: Knights of Labor

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the impact of the Knights of Labor on labor issues in Arkansas. Find out about the strikes they participated in for various work groups, and read about their political activity in a time of third-party elections.
Primary
Digital Public Library of America

Dpla: The Homestead Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
This primary source set uses illustrations, documents, and photographs to tell the story of the Homestead Strike.
Handout
Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press.

New Georgia Encyclopedia: Knights of Labor

For Students 9th - 10th
Reference source for information on the history of the labor organization, the Knights of Labor, nationally and in Georgia, in particular, in the late 1800s and the role it played in organizing southern laborers. Hyperlinks to additional...
Website
University of Washington

University of Washington: Strikes and Unions

For Students 9th - 10th
The Great Depression built the modern labor movement by growing and strengthening unions. Follow the labor movement through a day-by-day database of newspaper articles chronicling strikes in Washington State. Additionally, students can...
Website
Other

Maryland State Archives: The Strike of 1877

For Students 9th - 10th
The Strike of 1877, also known as 'The Great Strike,' took place on railroads across the nation. The strike was the result of continued wage cuts of the laborers such as engineers and trainmen, while many of the companies continued to...
Website
Digital History

Digital History: Postwar Labor Tensions

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the strength of labor unions just after World War I and see how the gains were eroded throughout the 1920s.
Lesson Plan
University of California

History Project: The Homestead Strike of 1892

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This high school lesson focuses on the Homestead Strike of 1892. Students are asked to write an essay explaining why the strike occurred and how the Carnegie Company went about winning the strike. Included are twenty-seven primary source...
Website
University of Illinois

University of Illinois Urbana Champaign: Eslarp's Social History Project: 1877 Rr Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of the railroad strike of 1877 as it affected particularly Illinois. Read about how the strikes were put down violently and who was blamed for the work stoppages.
Handout
Other

Ue News Feature: The Great Strike of 1877 Remembering a Worker Rebellion

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about how the Railroad Strike of 1877 was a first in many ways in labor history. This article sets up the reasons for the strike and the mixed results.
Lesson Plan
University of California

History Project: The Pullman Strike of 1894

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Given background information and primary source documents, students will write an essay describing the events of the Pullman Strike of 1894 organized around a theme.
Website
Ohio State University

E History: Labor Management Conflict

For Students 9th - 10th
History of the labor/management conflicts that occurred around the country at the beginning of the 20th century. Click on each of the links to get information about each of the conflicts.
Website
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Comission

Expore Pa History: Railroad Strike of 1877 Historical Marker

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the Railroad Strike of 1877 that started in Pennsylvania and spread across the Midwest. Find out about the violence against the strikers and the use of the military to end the strike.
Handout
Chicago History Museum

Encyclopedia of Chicago: Railroad Strike of 1877

For Students 9th - 10th
This article from the Encyclopedia of Chicago explains how a strike by railroad workers in West Virginia eventually made its way to Chicago and was taken up by workers from many industries. See how city officials resolved this general...

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