How did Lewis and Clark map the unknown lands? Learn how they marked the territory using mental mapping, Indian spatial concepts, and formal navigation.

A map from 1916 of the Mississippi River Delta from New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain to the mouth of the river on the Gulf of Mexico. The map shows railroads, swamp lands, navigation lights, and water depths in fathoms. The 3, 10, 20,...

God, gold, and glory motivated European nations to explore and create colonies in the New World. This article discusses the Crusades and how they influenced European colonization projects.

A geo-political map of Ireland that shows province and county borders current to 1904, major cities, railroad lines, canals and navigable rivers. Physical features such as mountain ranges with elevation measured in feet, major rivers,...

A geo-political map of Scotland that shows district borders current to 1904, major cities, railroad lines, canals and navigable rivers. Hadrian's Wall is shown, referred to on the map as the Roman Wall. Physical features such as mountain...

A geo-political map of England and Wales that shows country borders current to 1904, major cities, railroad lines, canals and navigable rivers. Hadrian's Wall is shown, referred to on the map as the Roman Wall. Physical features such as...

"South China comprises the drainage basins of the middle and lower Yangtze River, the basin of the His Chiang (West River) in Kwangtung and Kwangsi; and the mountainous coastal provinces of Fukien and Chekiang. The division between the...

A physical map of Europe from 1916 showing color-coded elevations and water depths for the area extending from Iceland to the natural boundary between Europe and Asia (Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea), and the Arctic Circle to the...

India, showing country, province and native state borders current to 1904, major cities, railroad lines, and navigable rivers. Physical features include mountain ranges with elevation measured in feet, major rivers and watersheds, and...

A geo-political map of Italy showing country and region borders current to 1904, major cities, railroad lines, and navigable rivers. Physical features include mountain ranges with elevation measured in feet, major rivers and watersheds,...

A geo-political map of New Zealand current to 1904, showing major cities, railroad lines, and navigable rivers. Physical features include mountain ranges with elevation measured in feet, major rivers and watersheds, and the 100-fathom...

A map from 1916 of North America, Central America, Greenland, and the Caribbean to Puerto Rico showing land elevations, water depths, and isothermal lines of mean temperatures for January and July. The map uses color-contouring to show...

A map from 1916 of Asia, showing physical features, general elevations, and mean isotherms for January and July. This map uses color-contours to show land elevations ranging from below sea level around the Caspian Sea to over 12000 feet,...

A map from 1902 of the Dominion of Canada, showing provinces, province capitals and major cities, railroads, canals, mountain systems, lakes, rivers, and coastal features. Symbols on the map indicate the head of navigable rivers (anchor...

A map from 1912 of the Panama Canal showing the line of the canal, areas of navigable water, and areas of shallow water that have less depth than the canal. This map also shows the location of cities, dams, the Panama Railroad, and the...