"Mande" is a term that has been used to identify the culture that embraces the western third of Africa's great northern savanna and coastal forests. The Mali Empire was the source of the Mande diaspora; therefore, in a broad sense,...

The Pashai are an ethnic group located in the northeast corner of Afghanistan. They are estimated to number about 108,000 (1982). "Pashai" is the term used to refer to a specific language, to the speakers of that language, and to the...

The Qizilbash were formed out of several Turkish Shia groups that were living in northwest Persia (Azerbaijan) in the fifteenth century. These groups were oppressed by the Osmanli Turks in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. Shaykh...