What is the difference between a molecule and a compound? What are the main types of chemical bonds? In this video, we will be answering those questions and more.

Paul Andersen explains the major procedures in molecular biology. He starts with a brief description of Taq polymerase extracted from the hot pools of Yellowstone Park. He then uses the analogy of the ransom note to explain each of the...

Models are great, except they're also usually inaccurate. In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank discusses why we need models in the world and how we can learn from them... even when they're almost completely wrong....

In this video Paul Andersen describes the structure and explains the properties of molecular solids. High intramolecular forces hold electrons and reduce conductivity, whereas low intermolecular forces decrease the melting point. ...

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. These structures are crucial in understanding how atoms share or transfer electrons to form stable...

Valence Bond (VB) theory explains how chemical bonds form through the overlap of atomic orbitals, where electron pairs are shared between atoms. The key concepts include: Atomic Orbital Overlap: Bonds form when atomic orbitals from...

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts molecular shapes by focusing on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. The main postulates include: Electron Pair Repulsion: Electron pairs...

Struggling with VSEPR theory and molecular geometry? This video simplifies the concepts you need to master these essential chemistry topics. Learn how to draw Lewis structures with the correct geometry, understand bond angles, and...

Covalent bonds are very strong can be used to make a range of substances from the very small 'Simple Molecular Substances' to the large 'Giant Covalent Structures'. Learn how their properties differ and why!

In this video, you'll master bond dipoles in minutes – Chemistry Made Simple! 🌟 Dive into the fascinating world of bond dipoles and learn how to identify these crucial elements in various molecules. Understanding bond dipoles is...

In alkynes, such as acetylene (C₂H₂), carbon atoms undergo sp hybridization. This involves the mixing of one 2s orbital and one 2p orbital, forming two sp hybrid orbitals. These orbitals align in a linear arrangement with a bond angle of...

What's with all these shapes? Let's practice assigning hybridization, electron-domain geometry, and molecular geometry. Octahedral! Tetrahedral! Linear! Pyramids and see-saws and what not! Chemistry is fun, isn't it?

Hybridization Process: Carbon atoms undergo sp² hybridization, mixing one 2s and two 2p orbitals to form three sp² hybrid orbitals arranged in a trigonal planar geometry (120° bond angles). Bond Formation: Two sp² orbitals form sigma (σ)...

We've already learned about VSEPR theory, and how to use it to predict the shapes of various molecules. But we didn't cover all of the molecular geometries for certain hybridizations, and we didn't talk about bond angles, so let's do...

VSEPR postulates state that the geometry of a molecule depends on the number and arrangement of bonding and lone electron pairs around the central atom

Double and triple bonds involve the sharing of two or three pairs of electrons, providing additional stability and influencing molecular properties like rigidity and reactivity

We've learned about ionic and covalent bonds, so we understand the interactions that will occur between a metal and a nonmetal, or between two nonmetals. But what about two metals? Metallic bonding! This ends up being sort of like ionic...

Chemical bonding explains how atoms combine to form molecules. It involves forces like ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds that hold atoms together, dictating the physical and chemical properties of substances.

The organic molecules that make up life on Earth are more than just the 2-D structures we’ve been drawing so far. Molecules have 3-D shapes that help us understand what they can do. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry,...

This video discusses covalent bonding in chemistry. The presenter starts by explaining that atoms or elements want to have a full outer shell of electrons for stability. They then use examples of how non-metals like fluorine and oxygen...

It explains types of molecular orbital's, contours and energies of bonding and anitbonding molecular orbitals.

Formal Charge Made Simple: A Guide to Molecular Stability Formal charge is a bookkeeping tool used to estimate the charge distribution within a molecule. It is calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons in an atom's free...

Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later...

Molecular Matters: Polar and Non-Polar Solids

Polar molecular solids are crystalline solids with a permanent dipole moment due to differences in electronegativity between atoms. These solids have strong dipole-dipole...