Visually inspect virtual molecules and their reactions to changes in energy levels and vibrations. Choose from 24 different molecules and adjust viewing angle, pace of simulation, and more. Create a presentation of your explorations as...

College-level site goes into great detail about chemical bonding properties, as far as energies, structure, angles, and length. Infrared absorption, the greenhouse effect, and global warming are addressed to exemplify bond length...

The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with both Boltzmann Distribution and the velocity of gas molecules.

Explore the movement of the molecules in a solid.

This is an article published by the American Physical Society on friction in microscopic gears that results from the adhesion of molecules. A great exploration of this new obstacle in science.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics with information on thermal energy. Topics covered include heat capacity, temperature, translational motions of...

Learn about London forces, which increase the attraction between polar molecules and the attraction between nonpolar molecules. Pictures and chemical structures allow for further understanding. Also find links for animations and...

Read a history of the discovery and study of DNA and its structure. Links to a graphic, other references, and classroom activities.

Learn how to calculate the kinetic energy of a gas molecule, describe the relationship between the temperature of a gas and the kinetic energy of atoms and molecule, and describe the distribution of speeds of molecules in a gas. The...

Explore the thermal behavior of gases, in particular, examine the characteristics of atoms and molecules that compose gases. Learn about the ideal law of gases in terms of molecules and moles. Multiple formulas and examples are provided.

Site describes process of photosynthesis, including role of pigment molecules, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and carbohydrate synthesis. Includes links to illustrative graphics.

Looks at how to determine the effect of the autonomic nervous system on the regulation of the various organ systems on the basis of the signaling molecules involved.

This lesson plan covers chiral molecules, which are important in carbohydrate and protein chemistry. Understanding the difference in their structures helps with understanding the different biochemical properties of molecules with similar...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and molecules as energy carriers and converters. Topics covered include how molecules take up thermal energy,...

The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section seeks to answer the question, how far does a molecule travel between collisions?

By the end of this section, you will be able to express the ideal gas law in terms of molecular mass and velocity; define thermal energy; calculate the kinetic energy of a gas molecule, given its temperature; describe the relationship...

By the end of this section, you will be able to state the ideal gas law in terms of molecules and in terms of moles; use the ideal gas law to calculate pressure change, temperature change, volume change, or the number of molecules or...

Learn about gradients of molecules that exist across cell membranes, how they can help or hinder transport, and how active transport mechanisms allow molecules to move against their gradients.

This resource provides an overview of the basics of combustion. Explore how a fire ignites, how molecules rearrange themselves and what a flame is made of.

An explanation of how photoelectron spectroscopy can be used to detect electron structures in atoms or molecules.

Review over covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonding in this article. Learn how molecules are held together by chemical bonds.

Learn about the three stages of the Calvin Cycle reactions: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the starting molecule. See how the products of the light reactions, ATP and NADPH, are used to fix carbon into sugars in this cycle.

As part of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site examines a variety of topics related to entropy. Other topics covered include how thermal energy is stored in molecules, quantum states, microstates and energy spreading, and...

We gain a better understanding of pressure and temperature from the kinetic theory of gases, which assumes that atoms and molecules are in continuous random motion. Learn more about Kinetic Theory with the following detailed resource...