This article offers a detailed history of early 19th century westward migration and the social diversity of the pioneers moving west.

This is a chapter from the book, "Court Life in China: The Capital - Its Officials and People" by Isaac Taylor Headland. It contains the interesting viewpoint of the Empress Dowager Cixi's opinions and actions regarding reform.

Review history with this site to see how Luther attracted a following to form Lutheranism. Learn how Luther's teaching came at the right time and made people leave the Roman Church. Understand that Luther preached peace and didn't...

By the 1890's, the status of Indian people seemed to validate Frederick Jackson Turner's claim that "the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history." Natives ceased to threaten the Republic...

A good article discussing the attempts to introduce democratic reforms into the Syrian government and society. (July, 2006)

A in-depth look at Gaius Gracchus' life as a leader in Rome. The article covers his election to office, his proposal to extend citizenship to Latium, the angry demonstration on Aventine Hill, and his death.

Robert M. La Follette was a popular Republican from Wisconsin in the Progressive Era. He was a Congressman, a governor of Wisconsin and a Senator who advocated direct primaries to thwart the political machines. In addition to his...

Scroll down to the middle of the page to read about the one hundred days' reforms and the Chinese republican revolution that took place in 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen.

An excellent article describing the Russian legislature (Congress of People's Deputies). Explains how and why this government instution was created. Also examines the various groups and factions which comprised this legislative body.

The Schlechty Center for Leadership in School Reform is a nonprofit corporation whose mission is "to encourage and support the transformation of the existing system of rules, roles, and relationships that govern the way time, people,...

Choose the correct word from the drop down menu for each of the twelve questions to evaluate your knowledge of people and events relating to the growing national crisis in the 1850s.

Read about the role of King Leopold of Belgium in the colonization of the Belgian Congo and the extreme exploitation of the people living there in a vivid portrayal by Bertrand Russell.

This site discusses the opposition that Gorbachev's political reforms met and how a multiparty system evolved.

This exhibit follows events in the life of Sojourner Truth using primary documents and images of people, places and maps to bring her story to life.

As part of an attempt at social reform in cities in the United States, the Charity Organization Society was formed to coordinate the activities of charities. Read about how the society functioned in Cleveland, and how many people were...

This extensive article focuses on the radical policy change known as the Four Modernizations which Deng Xiaoping introduced to China.

The Congress of People's Deputies was a Russian representative body (legislature) created during the Gorbachev era. This is an excellent article describing how the body was formed, membership, and responsibilities.

Explains who the Chartists were and their first efforts to try to persuade the British Parliament to enact reforms for the working class. Their three petitions failed to move Parliament but increased the resolve of others to push for...

Debs began his association with labor issues at an early age starting with the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. He went on to be active in the American Railway Union, the Socialist Party of America, and the Industrial Workers of the...

During the religious upheavals of the 16th century, a body of men and women called Puritans sought to reform the Established Church of England from within. Essentially, they demanded that the rituals and structures associated with Roman...

Fordham University provides the text of a British petition given to the Parliament asking that radical reforms be made.

The people of Czechoslovakia reached a boiling point in 1989 with citizens clamoring for political economic, and social reforms. This article by the BBC portrays how demonstrations for such reforms ended with tragedy when the police...

During the religious upheavals of the 16th century, a body of men and women called Puritans sought to reform the Established Church of England from within. Essentially, they demanded that the rituals and structures associated with Roman...

A good overview of the reforms that were instituted not only in Georgia, but in the entire country during the Progressive Era. Read a history of the beginnings of progressivism, the people involved, and a recounting of the various...