Primary
Blackdog Media

Classic Reader: The Apology by Xenophon

For Students 9th - 10th
This is the full text of the narrative The Apology by Xenophon, a Socratic dialogue about the legal defense that the philosopher Socrates presented at his trial for the moral corruption of Athenian youth; and for impiety against the...
Activity
Constitutional Rights Foundation

Constitutional Rights Foundation: The Transcendentalists in Action

For Students 9th - 10th
Activity on the religious, philosophical and literary movement of Transcendentalism founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Article outlines the history and main ideas as well as the far-reaching literary and societal impact of Transcendentalist...
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Urbanization 1870 1900: Change Reflected in Thought and Writing

For Students 11th - 12th
American writers and intellectuals played an important role in articulating the changes taking place in Industrial America in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Learn about some of the prominent writers, scientists, and philosophers at that...
Handout
Math Open Reference

Math Open Reference: Thales

For Students 9th - 10th
Contains a detailed biography and discussion of the contributions of the ancient Greek philosopher Thales. Part of a larger mathematics site, this page focuses primarily on his contributions to Geometry.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Maimonides

For Students 9th - 10th
A highly detailed biography of the famous Jewish philosopher and religious thinker. The article provides a thorough analysis of his religious ideas.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Divine Illumination

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy tracing the development of "divine illumination" throughout the classical and medieval Christian philosophical tradition. Describes how this distinctively Christian...
Handout
Stanford University

Coherence Theory of Truth:stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Clear, concise introduction to various coherence theories of truth. Author explains several versions of the theory, the arguments for and against them, while avoiding too much philosophical jargon. Includes bibliography.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Creationism

For Students 9th - 10th
An entry from the Standard Encyclopedia of Philospohy that analyzes creationism from scientific, philosophical, and theological viewpoints and finds it lacking on all three measures.
Website
BBC

Bbc: Critics and Critiques of Athenian Democracy

For Students 9th - 10th
Examine the different arguments for and against democracy by ancient Greek leaders and philosophers. The main critique of democracy came down to the question of whether we trust the masses to make informed decisions? Follow the rise and...
Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: Democracy in America: Citizenship: Making Government Work

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This unit on citizenship introduces the question "What is government?" from a philosophical perspective, and delves into the meaning of government, how it works, etc. through a Video on Demand, assignments, and critical thinking and more.
Website
Other

Southern Illinois University Carbondale: The Center for Dewey Studies

For Teachers 9th - 10th
The Center for Dewey Studies website was developed to provide a comprehensive resource about the life and work of the philosopher and educator John Dewey.
Website
Steven Kreis, PhD

The History Guide: Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920's

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides text from a lecture that looks at European culture after WWI. Looks at the literary and artistic developments during and as a result of the war. With links to several biographical websites on authors and philosophers...
Handout
McMaster University

Mc Master University: The Bertrand Russell Archives

For Students 9th - 10th
The archives of Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)-- British philosopher, logician, essayist, and renowned peace advocate--are located at McMaster University. This is the home page for the collection, which features biographical information,...
Primary
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: Bartolome De Las Casas Debates the Subjugation of the Indians

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] Read a summary of Bartolome de Las Casas' views about the horrors of Spanish encomienda system and his arguments for proper treatment of Native Americans. Find a link to a translation of his book where...
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Beginnings of Set Theory

For Students 9th - 10th
The University of St. Andrews offers a wonderful introduction to set theory that makes the topic interesting and understandable. Includes numerous links to related philosophers, mathematicians, and topics.
Lesson Plan
Center For Civic Education

Center for Civic Education: James Madison and Executive Power

For Teachers 10th - 12th
This lesson plan examines the legacy of the "philosopher statesman," James Madison. Madison combined the intellectual knowledge and creativity of the scholar with the practical savvy of the politician, a man of strong principles who also...
Handout
Art Cyclopedia

Artcyclopedia: The Northern Renaissance

For Students 9th - 10th
Centered in Germany and the Netherlands during 1400 and 1500s, the northern European tradition of Gothic Art was greatly affected by the technical and philosophical advancements of the Renaissance in Italy. While less concerned with...
Website
Other

Historiographie Du Xi Xe Siecle. Hippolyte Taine

For Students 9th - 10th
An anthology of historical, philosophical, artistic analysis from Taine's works, all in French.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ethics

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy gives a general introduction to the field of philosophical ethics. Divines moral philosophy into three main topics: metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics, including links...
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Nihilism

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent discussion from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy of the history of nihilism in western philosophy and the main ideas associated with it. Although centering around Nietzsche's formulation, author does admirable job of...
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Immanuel Kant (1724 1804)

For Students 9th - 10th
A very in-depth look at the philosophical ideas of Immanuel Kant on subjects such as ethics, rationalism, and much more.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Heraclitus

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent introduction to Heraclitus' difficult philosophy from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Includes biography relating him to other Ionian and Milesian philosophers. Quotes several of his fragments.
Unit Plan
PBS

Pbs Learning Media: Writing in u.s. History: Shaping the Postwar World

For Students 9th - 10th
Consider how U.S. foreign policy changed in the aftermath of WWII, and analyze the philosophical, geopolitical, and economic factors that influenced these changes. In this interactive lesson from WGBH, students develop a written argument...
Handout
National Women’s History Museum

National Women's History Museum: Elizabeth Cady Stanton

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn biographical details on Elizabeth Cady Stanton, author, lecturer, and chief philosopher of the woman's rights and suffrage movements.

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