Extensive overview of the English philosopher covers his studies, particularly in medicine, and his published works. Includes a bibliography.

Excellent, lengthy explanation of Leibniz's metaphysics. Divided into ten sections addressing his major ideas: monads, sufficient reason, necessary being, and substance, among others. Includes several diagrams to help explain the idea of...

View text of Locke's essay "Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest and the Raising the Value of Money."

James E. Kiefer's extensive biography features anecdotes from Samuel Johnson's childhood plus discussion of his struggles with disability and the metamorphosis of his religious and philosophical beliefs. This site includes excerpts from...

An entry from the Standard Encyclopedia of Philospohy that analyzes creationism from scientific, philosophical, and theological viewpoints and finds it lacking on all three measures.

The University of St. Andrews offers a wonderful introduction to set theory that makes the topic interesting and understandable. Includes numerous links to related philosophers, mathematicians, and topics.

A detailed account of the Buddha's life and teachings written from a philosophical perspective.

Throughout the history of mankind, the subject of identity has sent poets to the blank page, philosophers to the agora and seekers to the oracles. These murky waters of abstract thinking are tricky to navigate, so it's probably fitting...

Discover some of the deep questions that scientists and philosophers ask about time and some of the ideas that emerge from each one.

Like many heroes of Greek myths, the philosopher Hippasus was rumored to have been mortally punished by the gods. But what was his crime? Did he murder guests or disrupt a sacred ritual? No, Hippasus's transgression was mathematically...

A complete biography of the philosopher John Locke. It discusses his contribution to philosophy and his social contract.

Information and lesson ideas pertaining to the famous American thinker. The yellow, left side of the page contains teaching ideas, and the white, right side of the page contains background.

This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy provides an overview of how people viewed God from the time of the Roman Empire until today.

This profile of Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) reveals why she is sometimes called "the most important woman of the nineteenth century." Discussion includes her literary criticism, journalism, and her feminist manifesto, Woman of the...

This tutorial explores what Occham's Razor is and how this philosophical adage can be applied to scientific theories and hypotheses.

Excellent overview of logic. Defines the term in informative detail, while relating logic to its neighbors in epistemology, metaphysics, and analytic philosophy. A terrific introduction to the subject.

A very extensive analysis from the University of Oregon of John Milton's three most popular works: "Paradise Lost," "Paradise Regained," and "Samson Agonistes." Has religious and philosophical perspectives.

This site from the University of Saint Andrews provides a short biography of Pascal. Takes a philosophical angle. Features links to existentialist philosophy, seventeenth and eighteenth century literature, and philosophy pages.

A brief biography of the economics philosopher Alfred Marshall outlining his major contributions to the field of economic thought.

A very detailed timeline documenting the life of the famous 20th century Marxist thinker who lived in Italy and was imprisoned by Mussolini and died in prison.

Thorough introduction to the life and works of philosopher and theologian William of Ockham. Addresses topic such as William's influential "nominalism" and his views on the relation between reason and authority.

Describes how Baghdad grew into a place of scholarship during the Golden Age of Islam. The Caliph, Abdullah Al Ma'moun, brought many foreign scholars to translate books by renowned thinkers and philosophers for Baghdad's House of Wisdom....

Flexbooks 2.0 are interactive, customizable, digital textbooks. Flexbooks are standards-aligned. Flexi, a student tutor, is integrated into each book to guide you on your learning journey. Flexi can assist in learning, answer questions,...

This selection from Aristotle's "Poetics" offers the famous Greek philosopher's explanation of the origins of comedy. For a complete understanding of both comedy and tragedy in the traditional literary sense, the entire text of...