Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Baruch Spinoza

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy provides an in depth look at the life and works of Baruch Spinoza. Includes links to related material.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Lucretius

For Students 9th - 10th
As one of the primary spokesmen for the Epicurean philosophy, Lucretius (99-55 BCE) wrote a philosophical epic "De Rerum Naturum," in which the Epicurean belief in the atomic nature of matter is presented. Look for the section entitled...
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Heraclitus

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent introduction to Heraclitus' difficult philosophy from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Includes biography relating him to other Ionian and Milesian philosophers. Quotes several of his fragments.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Aristotle

For Students 9th - 10th
Looks at the life of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) and the far-reaching scope of his intellectual ideas. The article examines in depth his theories in the disciplines of philosophy, politics, mathematics and science, and his legacy.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Pythagoras

For Students 9th - 10th
Encyclopedia article about Pythagoras from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy that discusses not only his life, but his major contributions as well. Also includes a lengthy bibliography and links to additional information.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Gottlob Frege

For Students 9th - 10th
Good summary of Frege's thought. Some sections are more technical, but the explanation of his philosophy of language and other sections are more readable.
Handout
Stanford University

Informal Logic/stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the recent movement known as "informal logic." Summarizes its brief history, provides several detailed examples, and explains its relationship to philosophy. Bibliography included.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Behaviorism

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses Behaviorism as a philosophy and a field of psychology. Includes information on what behaviorism is, and the types of behaviorism. Also includes links to additional information.
Website
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Bertrand Russell

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article summarizing Bertrand Russell's thought. Includes chronology of major events in his life, but most of the article spends time on Russell's contributions in logic, analytic philosophy, and social criticism. Also includes...
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Divine Illumination

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy tracing the development of "divine illumination" throughout the classical and medieval Christian philosophical tradition. Describes how this distinctively Christian...
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Anselm of Canterbury

For Students 9th - 10th
Introduction to Anselm's life and thought. Recounts his political difficulties while archbishop. Summarizes his contributions to medieval philosophy and theology, including his famous ontological argument for the existence of God, and...
Article
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Philosophy and Literature: Two Philosophies

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains what the 'Scottish philosophy' was and how well it fitted with American sensibilities in the 1800s. Over time it evolved into the American philosophy of Pragmatism. The other philosophy that took hold in some groups of society...
Handout
Science Struck

Science Struck: Branches of Philosophy, Role in Contemporary Affairs

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the different branches of Philosophy and what their relevance is to today's world.
Article
Other

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Islamic Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
The history of Islamic philosophy is discussed here. Learn how it has developed over time, how it has been influenced by Greek-Hellenistic philosophy, and how it differs according to demographic and region.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Greek Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Introduction from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy to the main topics and thinkers in the Greek philosophical tradition. Includes links to related articles. Helpful for relating particular philosophers to each other chronologically.
Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Greek Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
A learning module that begins with "Greek Philosophy" by Cristian Violatti, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free teacher...
Article
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Manifest Destiny: Philosophy That Created a Nation

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of how Manifest Destiny became a philosophy that justified and fueled Americans' ideas about expansion and annexation of new territories.
Unit Plan
TED Talks

Ted: Ted Ed: The Philosophy of Stoicism

For Students 9th - 10th
Massimo Pigliucci describes the philosophy of Stoicism.
Handout
Philosophy Pages

Philosophy Pages: A Timeline of Western Philosophers

For Students 9th - 10th
A online timeline of western philosophers that allows you to click to images and short biographies of many of the great thinkers of the Western world. Site includes a study guide and a dictionary to help students learning philosophy....
Article
Other

Routledge Encyclopedia: Greek Philosophy: Impact on Islamic Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
This article is a discussion of the Greek-Hellenistic philosophy within the Islamic world. Early Islamic philosophers shunned the influence of Greek philosophy; however, over time that view began to change. Certain philosophers hailed...
Article
Other

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Islam, Concept of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the development of Islamic philosophy. Discover its origins and the differences between falsafa and hikma, otherwise referred to as the various schools of thought within Islamic philosophy. Peripatetic philosophy is discussed...
Handout
World History Encyclopedia

World History Encyclopedia: Ancient Chinese Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Encyclopedia entry provides an overview of the historical development of ancient Chinese philosophy and its main schools of thought. Includes photos, links to related material and timeline of events.
PPT
Tom Richey

Tom Richey: Comte and Positive Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Meet Auguste Comte, a French man who made contributions to philosophy and sociology. Stay positive! Comte came up with the doctrine of positive philosophy.
Handout
Philosophy Pages

Philosophy Pages: Martin Heidegger (1889 1976)

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides a brief biography and intro into the life of existentialist philosopher Martin Heidegger. Provided are numerous links to text documents of his works and philosophies.

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