Describes the little that is known of Zeno of Elea's life. Also discusses his denial of motion and plurality hypothesis. He explained his ideas using paradoxes that continue to challenge intellectual minds today, and that have had a big...

Ten of the important inventions and innovations of the ancient Greeks are described. These include the water mill, the odometer, alarm clocks, cartography, the Olympics, geometry, Hippocratic medicine, philosophy, democracy, and...

A discussion of how Manifest Destiny became a philosophy that justified and fueled Americans' ideas about expansion and annexation of new territories.

Describes the struggle of Americans to develop a unified sense of national identity in the 1800s.

Discusses the intellectual atmosphere in the 1800s as America struggled to find its identity. The influences of the Enlightenment and Romanticism are described, and the ideas of various writers and philosophers.

Includes a short summary of the life and work of the Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus. Discusses his life, work in Astronomy and Mathematics, and view of water and pantheism. Also includes a couple of quotations that make reference to...

Fordham University gives a brief selection by Eutropius about the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Describes him as a very pious and generous man, despite all his power and the problems he faced.

A discussion of the writings of Sophocles, in particular Antigone, and the theme of the conflict between personal and political matters.

Read this entry from William Morey's 1901 text to find out about Marcus Aurelius, one of the five good emperors, who was known as a philosopher.

A biography of Zeno, founder of Stoicism. Also discusses the theories of Stoicism. Included a nice set of quotes from Zeno, passed on through other ancient authors.

Good introductory biography, includes the influence of his major ideas and writings.

In this letter, which he wrote shortly after the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson describes to Edmund Pendleton how to set up the Virginia Legislature.

We have 2 resources from here but should be cross-checked against embedded videos.

Good introduction from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy to the history of the Neoplatonic vein of ancient Greek philosophy. Includes information on Porphyry, Jamblichus, and the Athenian school. Not a substantial treatment of...

A online timeline of western philosophers that allows you to click to images and short biographies of many of the great thinkers of the Western world. Site includes a study guide and a dictionary to help students learning philosophy....

A good look at the first major American philosophy, transcendentalism. Read about the ideas that transcendentalists believed, and find out the members of the Transcendental Club. Many American authors of the time espoused the ideals of...

The University of Evansville provides this site that gives an overview and then additional pages with readings in ancient Greek philosophy and literature. A good general resource.

Biographical information on the life of Socrates. Discusses his indictment and trial for being an offender of public morality.

Good introduction from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy to Protagoras and his significance within ancient philosophy.

This site from the University of Saint Andrews provides a short biography of Pascal. Takes a philosophical angle. Features links to existentialist philosophy, seventeenth and eighteenth century literature, and philosophy pages.

Two opposing philosophies concerning the relationship between government and its citizens were expressed by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century. Compare these two philosophies and see how they were related to the colonists'...

A discussion of Aristotle's life and work, including his writings, his system of logical reasoning, and his contributions to different fields, such as politics, philosophy, and science.

Brief history of Plato's Academy, its original members and aims provided for by the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy provides a good summary of the Sophists, their history and motives. Lists major figures.