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Reformation Counter Reformation Beliefs
This site discusses how the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affected society. Even though it focuses mainly on religious belief, religion was the cornerstone of early modern European society.
Library of Congress
Loc: Reformation in Germany
A brief explanation of the Reformation along with pictures of significant manuscripts and letters of the reformers from the Treasures of Saxon State Library at the Library of Congress.
OpenStax
Open Stax: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World
From a chapter on "Early Globalization: The Atlantic World," this section explains the changes brought by the Protestant Reformation and how it influenced the development of the Atlantic World while describing Spain's response to the...
Royal Household
The British Monarchy: Royal Encyclopaedia: Henry Viii (R. 1509 1547)
This resource provides information on the life and rule of King Henry VIII. Discusses his many marriages and desire for a male heir which led to the Protestant Reformation.
Other
Reformed.org: Martin Luther: The 95 Theses
Primary text of Luther's famous "95 Theses" nailed to the door at Wittenberg. Great as a resource for those researching early modern history, Protestant theology, or Luther's work.
Other
Reformed.org: John Knox: The Years of Preparation
This site gives a rather thorough overview of the life of preparation for John Knox for the tremendous task which lay ahead. Knox's life was filled with the bittersweet flavoring of discipleship, required of all that take a stand for the...
OpenStax
Open Stax: The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest
From a chapter on "Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests," this section of the chapter describes the purpose of the 1767 Townshend Acts and explains why many colonists protested the acts and the consequences of their actions.
BBC
Bbc: 1989: Czech Police Crush Protest Rally
The people of Czechoslovakia reached a boiling point in 1989 with citizens clamoring for political economic, and social reforms. This article by the BBC portrays how demonstrations for such reforms ended with tragedy when the police...
BBC
Bbc: Mid East Unrest: Syrian Protests in Damascus and Aleppo
This article discusses the beginning of the protests in Syria during which the masses called for democratic reforms and the release of political prisoners. Links to related articles are featured. (March 15, 2011)
Tom Richey
Tom Richey: Causes of the Reformation
Recognize the causes of the reformation in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This slideshow thoroughly features this history of Europe.
Blackdog Media
Classic Reader: Authors: Martin Luther
This site features the author Martin Luther including the English and Latin versions of his nonfiction work "95 Theses," a list of 95 propositions for the Protestant Reformation.
History Teacher
Historyteacher.net: Chronology of the Reformation
Timeline, from 1503 to 1555, outlines some of the major events of the Reformation, beginning with the publication of Erasmus's Handbook of the Christian Knight and ending with the Peace of Augsburg.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie Endowment for Intl Peace: Reform in Syria [Pdf]
A good article discussing the attempts to introduce democratic reforms into the Syrian government and society. (July, 2006)
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Environmental Reform
Environmental awareness in the United States became more focused upon the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Read about student protests, presidential legislation, and a new desire to protect the environment.
Constitutional Rights Foundation
Constitutional Rights Foundation: Queen Elizabeth I: Religion and State [Pdf]
Article on Queen Elizabeth I and the obstacles she faced as she tried to establish an official English Protestant church. Part of a three article series on Making a Difference. Includes questions for discussion and small group activity.
Other
An Introduction to Early Modern European History
An excellent introduction to and overview of the Renaissance and Reformation in Europe. This article touches on all aspects of the period.
Steven Kreis, PhD
The History Guide: The Impact of Luther and the Radical Reformation
Review history with this site to see how Luther attracted a following to form Lutheranism. Learn how Luther's teaching came at the right time and made people leave the Roman Church. Understand that Luther preached peace and didn't...
Calisphere: University of California Libraries
Calisphere: Social Reform 1950s 1970s: Everyday Life From Postwar to Protest
Original photographs show everyday life in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: Cranach, Law and Gospel (Law and Grace)
"The Law and the Gospel" is the single most influential image of the Lutheran Reformation. It represents Lucas Cranach's pictorial translation of Martin Luther's unique understanding of salvation. The painting interprets the roles of...
W. W. Norton
W.w. Norton & Company: Map of Religious Situation in Europe, C.1560
Colored map that illustrates the religious situation in Europe at the end of the Protestant Reformation.
PBS
Pbs Teachers: Martin Luther: The Reluctant Revolutionary (Lesson Plans)
Find two lesson plans developed for the PBS documentary "Martin Luther: The Reluctant Revolutionary" about the life and work of the man who instigated the Protestant Reformation.? The first has students theorizing about the impact of...
Blackdog Media
Classic Reader: 95 Theses by Martin Luther
Read the full text of Martin Luther's "95 Theses" that sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Calisphere: University of California Libraries
University of California: Calisphere: Social Reform 1950s 1970s: Watts Rebellion
Primary source photographs portray the issues and history surrounding the Watts Riots of California, and how the community came together.
Other
Reformed.org: John Knox: The Watchman of Scotland
History of the Presbyterian Church presents a profile of its founding father, including an examination of his theological writings.
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