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Reformation Counter Reformation Beliefs

For Students 9th - 10th
This site discusses how the Reformation and Counter-Reformation affected society. Even though it focuses mainly on religious belief, religion was the cornerstone of early modern European society.
Website
Library of Congress

Loc: Reformation in Germany

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief explanation of the Reformation along with pictures of significant manuscripts and letters of the reformers from the Treasures of Saxon State Library at the Library of Congress.
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World

For Students 11th - 12th
From a chapter on "Early Globalization: The Atlantic World," this section explains the changes brought by the Protestant Reformation and how it influenced the development of the Atlantic World while describing Spain's response to the...
Website
Royal Household

The British Monarchy: Royal Encyclopaedia: Henry Viii (R. 1509 1547)

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource provides information on the life and rule of King Henry VIII. Discusses his many marriages and desire for a male heir which led to the Protestant Reformation.
Primary
Other

Reformed.org: Martin Luther: The 95 Theses

For Students 9th - 10th
Primary text of Luther's famous "95 Theses" nailed to the door at Wittenberg. Great as a resource for those researching early modern history, Protestant theology, or Luther's work.
Primary
Other

Reformed.org: John Knox: The Years of Preparation

For Students 9th - 10th
This site gives a rather thorough overview of the life of preparation for John Knox for the tremendous task which lay ahead. Knox's life was filled with the bittersweet flavoring of discipleship, required of all that take a stand for the...
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: The Townshend Acts and Colonial Protest

For Students 11th - 12th
From a chapter on "Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests," this section of the chapter describes the purpose of the 1767 Townshend Acts and explains why many colonists protested the acts and the consequences of their actions.
Handout
BBC

Bbc: 1989: Czech Police Crush Protest Rally

For Students 9th - 10th
The people of Czechoslovakia reached a boiling point in 1989 with citizens clamoring for political economic, and social reforms. This article by the BBC portrays how demonstrations for such reforms ended with tragedy when the police...
Website
BBC

Bbc: Mid East Unrest: Syrian Protests in Damascus and Aleppo

For Students 9th - 10th
This article discusses the beginning of the protests in Syria during which the masses called for democratic reforms and the release of political prisoners. Links to related articles are featured. (March 15, 2011)
PPT
Tom Richey

Tom Richey: Causes of the Reformation

For Students 9th - 10th
Recognize the causes of the reformation in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This slideshow thoroughly features this history of Europe.
eBook
Blackdog Media

Classic Reader: Authors: Martin Luther

For Students 9th - 10th
This site features the author Martin Luther including the English and Latin versions of his nonfiction work "95 Theses," a list of 95 propositions for the Protestant Reformation.
Graphic
History Teacher

Historyteacher.net: Chronology of the Reformation

For Students 9th - 10th
Timeline, from 1503 to 1555, outlines some of the major events of the Reformation, beginning with the publication of Erasmus's Handbook of the Christian Knight and ending with the Peace of Augsburg.
Website
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Carnegie Endowment for Intl Peace: Reform in Syria [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
A good article discussing the attempts to introduce democratic reforms into the Syrian government and society. (July, 2006)
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Environmental Reform

For Students 5th - 8th
Environmental awareness in the United States became more focused upon the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Read about student protests, presidential legislation, and a new desire to protect the environment.
Website
Constitutional Rights Foundation

Constitutional Rights Foundation: Queen Elizabeth I: Religion and State [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
Article on Queen Elizabeth I and the obstacles she faced as she tried to establish an official English Protestant church. Part of a three article series on Making a Difference. Includes questions for discussion and small group activity.
Handout
Other

An Introduction to Early Modern European History

For Students 9th - 10th
An excellent introduction to and overview of the Renaissance and Reformation in Europe. This article touches on all aspects of the period.
Handout
Steven Kreis, PhD

The History Guide: The Impact of Luther and the Radical Reformation

For Students 9th - 10th
Review history with this site to see how Luther attracted a following to form Lutheranism. Learn how Luther's teaching came at the right time and made people leave the Roman Church. Understand that Luther preached peace and didn't...
Primary
Calisphere: University of California Libraries

Calisphere: Social Reform 1950s 1970s: Everyday Life From Postwar to Protest

For Students 9th - 10th
Original photographs show everyday life in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Cranach, Law and Gospel (Law and Grace)

For Students 9th - 10th
"The Law and the Gospel" is the single most influential image of the Lutheran Reformation. It represents Lucas Cranach's pictorial translation of Martin Luther's unique understanding of salvation. The painting interprets the roles of...
Graphic
W. W. Norton

W.w. Norton & Company: Map of Religious Situation in Europe, C.1560

For Students 9th - 10th
Colored map that illustrates the religious situation in Europe at the end of the Protestant Reformation.
Lesson Plan
PBS

Pbs Teachers: Martin Luther: The Reluctant Revolutionary (Lesson Plans)

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Find two lesson plans developed for the PBS documentary "Martin Luther: The Reluctant Revolutionary" about the life and work of the man who instigated the Protestant Reformation.? The first has students theorizing about the impact of...
eBook
Blackdog Media

Classic Reader: 95 Theses by Martin Luther

For Students 9th - 10th
Read the full text of Martin Luther's "95 Theses" that sparked the Protestant Reformation.
Primary
Calisphere: University of California Libraries

University of California: Calisphere: Social Reform 1950s 1970s: Watts Rebellion

For Students 9th - 10th
Primary source photographs portray the issues and history surrounding the Watts Riots of California, and how the community came together.
Website
Other

Reformed.org: John Knox: The Watchman of Scotland

For Students 9th - 10th
History of the Presbyterian Church presents a profile of its founding father, including an examination of his theological writings.

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