University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: Elements as Atoms: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle shows how electrons fill atomic orbitals. Includes biographical information on Wolfgang Pauli.
University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: Elements as Atoms: Electron Clouds and Energy Levels
An explanation of the different types of atomic orbitals, how they are filled according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and how many electrons can fit in each electron shell.
Michael Blaber, PhD
Florida State University: Electronic Structure of Atoms: Electron Configurations
Florida State University provides this article on electronic configurations of atoms and Hund's rule.
Vision Learning
Visionlearning: Atomic Theory: Wave Particle Duality and the Electron
An explanation of advanced atomic theory based on developed concepts from earlier scientific experimentation.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Wave Particle Duality
The dualistic nature of light is discussed. The photoelectric effect and the Davisson-Germer experiment are contrasted as empirical evidence supporting each of the two views - particle and wave - of the nature of light. The photoelectric...
Walter Fendt
Walter Fendt: Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
An explanation of Niels Bohr's (1885 - 1962 CE) Model along with an app that illustrates a hydrogen atom according to the particle or wave model. You can choose a principal quantum number "n." The right part of the graphic represents the...
University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
This site from the University of Colorado at Boulder has great information on the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Pictures are provided along with links to additional information. The information provided is not in-depth and it is...
Wikimedia
Wikipedia: Pauli Exclusion Principle
Wikipedia offers several paragraphs of information on the Pauli exclusion principle that states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state.
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Magnet Academy: Max Planck
In a career that lasted seven decades, Max Planck achieved an enduring legacy with groundbreaking discoveries involving the relationship between heat and energy, but he is most remembered as the founder of the "quantum theory."
Famous Scientists
Famous Scientists: Hans Bethe
Find out about Hans Bethe, one of the founders of quantum physics.
Famous Scientists
Famous Scientists: Werner Heisenberg
Find out about German scientist, Werner Heisenberg, a theoretical physicist who was one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics.
Famous Scientists
Famous Scientists: Wolfgang Ernst Pauli
Learn about the life and work of one of the pioneers of quantum physics, Wolfgang Ernst Pauli.
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Magnet Academy: Carl Edwin Wieman
Carl Edwin Wieman is one of three physicists credited with the discovery of a fifth phase of matter, for which he was awarded a share of the prestigious Nobel Prize in 2001. The recognition capped a distinguished career that began deep...
Physics Central
American Physical Society: Physics Central: Discover Homepage
Link to nine major physics topics and dig deeper into the content. Find out about the work of scientists in each field and see example physical science experiments.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Hund's Rules
A complete overview of Hund's rules including exceptions.
University of Illinois
University of Illinois Urbana Champaign: Theoretical Biophysics Group
Excellent and comprehensive site created by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. The site has resources about and links to information on a large number of topics in...
PBS
Pbs: Watch the Elegant Universe
This 3 hour minseries on String Theory is divided up into 24 sections. Each is accompanied by a brief explanation and only lasts about 7 minutes. This series is perfect for any one looking to get a better grasp on this thrilling concept.
Michigan State University
Michigan State University: Elementary Physics Ii: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle requires that all electrons in an atom have unique energy levels.
Frostburg State University
General Chemistry Online: The Periodic Table
This is a teacher's companion guide with lesson plans for the periodic table. It includes learning objectives, lecture notes, links to related sites, answers to frequently asked questions, and a glossary of related terms.
Other
Chemtopics: Understanding the Schrodinger Eqn.
The Schrodinger equation specifies atomic orbitals which are occupied by an electron. Quantum numbers can identify a unique energy level for each electron (set up in a PowerPoint presentation).
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Magnet Academy: Low Temperature Physics
Why do physicists want to study things at temperatures so cold atomic motion almost comes to a halt? And how do they create such frigid environments, anyway? Read on for the what, how and why of low temperature physics.
Concord Consortium
Concord Consortium: Molecular Workbench Showcase: An Electronic Star Coupler
"This model shows a design of an electronic star coupler that can split an input electric signal into three outputs."
TeachEngineering
Teach Engineering: Fun With Nanotechnology
Through three teacher-led demonstrations, students are shown samplers of real-world nanotechnology applications involving ferrofluids, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. This nanomaterials engineering lesson introduces practical...
TeachEngineering
Teach Engineering: Keepers of the Gate
Through two lessons and five activities, students explore the structure and function of cell membranes. Specific transport functions, including active and passive transport, are presented. In the legacy cycle tradition, students are...
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