The magnetic quantum number  abbreviated as m  represents the orbital orientation of an electron in a given energy level and sublevel. Here's a thorough rundown:
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Azimuthal...

The principal quantum number (𝑛) is a fundamental parameter in quantum mechanics that determines the size and energy level of an electron's orbit within an atom. It is a positive integer that represents the main energy level or...

Characterised by the symbol 𝑙l, the azimuthal quantum number is a fundamental parameter in quantum mechanics that describes the angular momentum and form of an electron's orbital within an atom. The integer values it accepts range from...

Orbitals! Oh no. They're so weird. Don't worry, nobody understands these in first-year chemistry. You just pretend to, and then in second-year you learn them a little better, the following year a little better, and once you have a PhD...

The Stern-Gerlach experiment, which took place in 1922, was the most important proof that electrons have spin and that they have a spin quantum number. A stream of silver atoms was sent through an experiment using a magnetic field...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the quantum mechanical model of the atom refined the shell model. Uncertainty of the position of the electron as well as spin forces chemists to create an improved model. In this model the...

Why do certain elements have similar properties? Because of the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus of atoms. But why are electrons arranged specifically in certain orbitals and shells? The structure of...

Postulates of Quantum Mechanics: Expectation Values

Wolfgang Pauli's Exclusion Principle, developed in 1925, is a crucial concept in quantum mechanics. It states that two electrons in the same atom cannot have the same set of quantum numbers, which are the principal quantum number (𝑻n),...

Video on QM of Atoms which may clarify some concepts:    • The Quantum Mechanical model of an atom. W...  

Why do atoms combine to form molecules? The quantum mechanics of chemical bonds and chemistry....

Then Isaac Newton in 1687 showed that planets move due to the same forces we experience here on earth. If things could be explained with mathematics, to many people this called into question the need for a...

The simulation hypothesis is the idea that everything we experience, including our memories and consciousness could be an advanced digital simulation created by a technologically advanced civilization. It's so advanced...

This constant represented by the Greek letter alpha is just a dimensionless number, so no matter what units you use, it will always have the same value, about 1/137. If it was different by just 4%, life may not...

We have 3D + 1D of time. Why aren’t there 4 dimensions or 2 dimensions? Can life exist in the 4th dimension? Is there something special about three dimensions that makes life possible? This is the question that But...

In this video, I calculate the energy and momentum for an electron in a quantized system (a porphyrin). ***Using the particle-on-a-ring model.

Why does changing just one proton in the nucleus of an atom make a different element? How can a single proton make such a huge difference in an element’s properties?



The simple answer is: The number of...

An important idea in atomic theory is the Aufbau Principle, which shows how electrons are arranged in an atom. It says that electrons fill atomic orbitals from least energetic to most energetic, starting with the least...

Ordinary matter that we experience around us is really just made of 4 particles, the up and down quarks which make up the protons and neutrons in the nuclei of atoms, electrons which form a cloud around the...

Life exists in our universe. There we go - one hopefully uncontroversial statement. Therefore our universe is capable of producing and supporting life. How am I going? Two for two? Let’s try for three: therefore there are countless...

When the nucleus was discovered by Rutherford, it became clear the classical world was not reality, because according to classical electromagnetism, the electron should collapse to the proton. This problem was...

China is building vanadium redox flow batteries to power its cities in the future, but what exactly are they and how do they work? Diamond Nuclear Batteries Are Forever… Sort Of-href='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fj7z8wFGzDE'...

A key tool in atomic physics is the hydrogen spectrum, which shows the quantised energy levels of the electrons in a hydrogen atom. The electrons in hydrogen gas absorb energy and travel to higher energy levels when the gas is excited,...

Bohr's atomic model postulates that the radius of an electron's orbit around the nucleus is determined by the concept that electrons travel in quantised orbits with distinct and well-defined radii. According to the model, the angular...

What is reality? What is the standard model trying to tell us? Are we living in the 11 dimensions of string theory?



The holy grail of physics is a theory of everything. It may show the...