Although it is arguably the most successful theory in physics, quantum physics has often baffled and confounded both its practitioners and the general public. This informative website discusses the types of mysteries, which still plague...

Each electron has a set of quantum numbers that specify it's location, orbital, and energy in a unique manner.

A good explanation of basic quantum theory.

Use this site to learn about the scientific work of physicist, Max Planck (1858-1947 CE), whose studies in radiation and light earned him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics. Read his Nobel Lecture, "The genesis and present state of...

Provides a long list of physics formulas for easy reference.

An outstanding site that can best be described as student friendly. It describes the main differences between the classical and quantum models of the atom. Clear and well illustrated.

An excellent overview of electron spin, what it means in non-mathematical terms and quantum mechanical terms.

This resource provides historic information on length measurement in the United Kingdom. Click on the topics on the left toolbar of the article to find out more information.

This downloadable java simulation models the 2D energy eigenstates of a particle trapped in a very deep two-dimensional circular well.

Simulation of the blackbody radiation curves of Planck demonstrating the effect of changing the frequency or the wavelength.

The dualistic nature of light is discussed. The photoelectric effect and the Davisson-Germer experiment are contrasted as empirical evidence supporting each of the two views - particle and wave - of the nature of light. The photoelectric...

In its description of quantum electrodynamics this definition provides the governing equations.

Acting as a subtopic of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook's section on Atoms and the Periodic Table, this site specifically addresses the quantum atom and related topics. The related topics include the wave function and its physical...

This tutorial contains links to explanations of the four different quantum numbers (principal, orbital, magnetic, and spin). Equations for each are provided.

The Pauli Exclusion Principle shows how electrons fill atomic orbitals. Includes biographical information on Wolfgang Pauli.

An explanation of the different types of atomic orbitals, how they are filled according to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and how many electrons can fit in each electron shell.

A simulation that displays the 2D evolution of the position-space of a wave in an infinite 2D rectangular well.

This website provides information on the life and scientific contributions of Werner Heisenburg, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "creation of quantum mechanics." Read the Prize Presentation Speech in which Professor H....

A basic explanation of spin and how it relates to electrons and quantum numbers.

This fascinating report describes the planned International Linear Collider, a particle accelerator, and explains how it will work and the scientific rationale behind it. Much of the material is presented in relatively easy to understand...

An explanation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in mathematical terms.

A simple dialogue to explain quantum theory and the Schrodinger equation. Includes several java applets.

This site from the University of Colorado at Boulder has great information on the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Pictures are provided along with links to additional information. The information provided is not in-depth and it is...

The Nobel Foundation provides this site about Niels Bohr's contributions to the world of physics, specifically his "investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them." This biography includes information on...