Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Connecticut

For Students 9th - 10th
The original text of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution by the state of Connecticut with a list of legislators.
Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland

For Students 9th - 10th
The original text of the ratification of the U.S. Constitution by the state assembly of Maryland with a list of the legislators.
Website
Teaching American History

Teaching American History: "Out of Doors": Ratification Debate in Public Press

For Students 9th - 10th
Find details of the Federalists and Antifederalists views of the proposed U.S. Constitution. Peruse the activists and legacies representing both sides of the debates.
Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention: Elliot's Debates

For Students 9th - 10th
Here one can view the five volumes of The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution, which were put together by Jonathan Elliot in the mid-1800s. These debates extend from September 1787 to...
Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: The United States Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
See transcripts of the debates of the Federal Convention of 1787, the draft of the Constitution, or see the facsimiles of the original documents. Trace the progress of the Constitution using the historical documents themselves.
Website
University of Missouri

Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: The Constitutional Convention of 1787

For Students 9th - 10th
One word can sum up the Constitutional Convention of 1787 - compromise. Find out which compromises were made and by which groups of people and/or states. This expansive site includes background on the convention, primary source...
eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution

For Students 11th - 12th
After reading this section of the chapter on "Creating Republican Governments", students will be able to identify the central issues of the 1787 Constitutional Convention and their solutions and also describe the conflicts over the...
Lesson Plan
US National Archives

National Archives: We the People

For Teachers 9th - 10th
View George Washington's annotated draft of the Constitution while discussing the ratification process. Specifically, the students will analyze changes to the Preamble of the Constitution. Critical thinking questions are provided.
Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Delaware

For Students 9th - 10th
Language of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States by the legislature of Delaware. Included is a list of the legislators.
PPT
University of North Carolina

University of North Carolina: Constitution 101 [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
Provides a good basic introduction to the Constitution. Explains the founding principles, checks and balances, the rationale for it, the accomplishments of the Constitutional Convention, the debate and ratification, the structure of the...
Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: America in Class: Making of a Revolution: Constitution, 1787 1791

For Students 9th - 10th
Seven sections of primary resource materials with introductory notes, classroom discussion questions, and supplemental links on the questions, discussion and debate over the U.S. Constitution.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: The Ratification Process: State by State

For Students 5th - 8th
The ratification of the Constitution was placed at the hands of the state legislatures. Read about which states supported the ratification, which were opposed, and why. Find out why, even after the requisite number of states had voted...
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: After the Fact: Virginia, New Yok, and "The Federalist Papers"

For Students 5th - 8th
Read about the necessity for Virginia and New York to support the ratification of the Constitution. See what influenced the vote in Virginia and how the legislature of New York was finally convinced.
Website
Teaching American History

Teaching American History: The Federal Pillars

For Students 9th - 10th
An overview of the order in which the states ratified the Constitution. Find an assortment of newspaper clippings recognizing the ratification process across the states.
PPT
US National Archives

National Archives: Congress Creates the Bill of Rights I

For Students 9th - 10th
This is the first PDF in a four-part series on the Bill of Rights. This part focuses on the history and chronology of the passage of the Bill of Rights. Vivid pictures, primary source documents, and a timeline are provided. [PDF]
Website
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: Ratification and Bill of Rights

For Students 9th - 10th
This site is provided for by the University of Groningen. Learn about the struggle for approval by the states of the U.S. Constitution, continuous disagreements after the Constitutional Convention between the Federalists and the...
Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Jersey

For Students 9th - 10th
The original text of the ratification of the the U.S. Constitution by the state of New Jersey. Included is a list of the legislators.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Ratifying the Constitution

For Students 5th - 8th
The delegates to the Constititional Convention produced a new governing document for the new United States. Read about how they determined to take the ratification process to the people of the states.
Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
Collection of primary resources having to do with the constitution throughout American history.
Website
Teaching American History

Teaching American History: "In Doors": Ratification in State Conventions

For Students 9th - 10th
Strengthen understanding of the ratification of the Constitution. Study the state ratification conventions of Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York.
Handout
University of Missouri

Exploring Constitutional Conflicts: Delegates to the Constitutional Convention: Connecticut

For Students 9th - 10th
Information about Connecticut's delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Includes information on Oliver Ellsworth, a key supporter of the Great Compromise, as well as William Samuel Johnson and Roger Sherman.
Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: Democracy in America: The Modern Presidency: Tools of Power

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This unit details how the role of the President of the United States has evolved to the position it is today since the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Offers video, readings, web resources and activities.
Primary
US Government Publishing Office

U.s. Government Publishing Office: Constitution of the United States Article Vii

For Students 9th - 10th
The full original text of Article VII of the U.S. Constitution establishing the rules for legal ratification of the entire U.S. Constitution by the individual states. Includes explanatory historical notes.
Article
Michigan State University

Michigan State University: American Revolution: The Argument Over the Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
The National Humanities Center provides a full-length essay on the constitutional debate during the time of the Constitutional Convention.