As part of a study of post Civil War era, young historians investigate the changes in voting rights during the Reconstruction Era (1863-1876), the fraud involved in the Hayes-Tilden presidential election of 1876, and efforts by Pap...

Young historians envision what life was like for African Americans living in the Jim Crow South through hands-on, experiential activities. 

Read about the black codes in various states enacted as a result of Johnson's lenient Reconstruction plans. From "Trial by Fire, A People's History of the Civil War and Reconstruction" by Paige Smith.

Describes what the South was like after the Civil War ended. Many places were in ruins and people were desperately poor with many being homeless. Social structures had collapsed now that slaves had been freed. The Reconstruction era...

Describes the reconstruction of the union. Includes the following sections: presidential reconstruction, congressional reconstruction, reconstruction in the South, Black aspirations,and the abandonment of reconstruction. From McGraw...

Discusses the Compromise of 1877 which gave the presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes and signaled the end of Reconstruction in the South. As a result of this act, federal troops withdrew from the South, and Jim Crow laws were passed by...

After the Civil War, there was some impetus to modernize the South's economy to make it more industrialized and less agrarian. It never gained traction while sharecropping and tenant farming did, ensuring the persistence of rural...

Explains how the Compromise of 1877 settled the contested 1876 presidential election, declaring Rutherford B. Hayes the winner while agreeing to withdraw federal troops from the South. This paved the way for the South to enact Jim Crow...

This resource provides a timeline of the Reconstruction era in the South.

From the critically acclaimed PBS series, "The West," this site provides a brief biography of Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, a leader of the "Great Exodus" which brought thousands of African Americans west from the post-Reconstruction South.

Read about the improvements South Africa is making in its economy in its attempt to improve the lives of its citizens. Information is from the U.S. State Dept. Background Notes.

The end of Reconstruction brought about the end of military occupation in the South, but ushered in discriminatory practices against the newly freed black population. Read about why that happened and the future consequences.

A brief history of how the economic growth of the South became dependent on the work of slaves and how this solidified the unity of the southern states. Links throughout the text will take to you sites containing relevant information.

In this brief encyclopedia article, you will read about Berea College, the first fully integrated college in the South.

Lanier's brief life is discussed in this excerpt from the New Georgia Encyclopedia. A list of suggested reading is included.

This biographical resource on John Calhoun points out Calhoun's resignation, the first vice-president to resign from active office. Calhoun opposed Jackson's affirmative stand on the Tariff of 1828 which favored the Industrial North over...

This page from the American Revolution Project of the University of Groningen discusses how the 1850s were a time of conflicting ideas between North and South regarding the expansion of slavery. Scroll down to the third paragraph and...

Biography of Hiram Rhoades Revels, who is best remembered as not only the first African American to hold a seat in the U.S. Senate, but also for his dedication to improving the spiritual and educational needs of the African American...

This resource explains the conflict between Jackson and the state of South Carolina over the state's right to nullify federal tariffs. This conflict almost brought armed conflict between the federal government and the state.

The importance of Jonathan Wright's legal career is explained in this encyclopedia article.

This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica features Alonzo J. Ransier, a black member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina during Reconstruction.