Library of Congress
Loc: African American Odyssey: Part 1 of the Civil Rights Era: Desegregation
Photos, cartoons and text sum up the post war period and efforts to fight segregation in the military by President Truman.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Forever Free: The 1880s: Elias Mayes
Elias Mayes was was an African American legislator in Texas during Reconstruction. Read about the committees he served on, his view on segregation, and some of the problems he faced.
My Hero Project
My Hero: Thurgood Marshall
Read about Thurgood Marshall's life and efforts as a fighter against segregation. This article includes related links and pictures.
University of Virginia
Miller Center at Uva: u.s. Presidents: Woodrow Wilson: Albert S. Burleson, Postmaster General
Interesting facts about the life of Albert S. Burleson before, during, and after his stint as the Postmaster General in the Wilson administration. The first Texan to ever serve in the cabinet, he was unpopular because of his acts to...
Curated OER
National Park Service: Nicodemus National Historic Site
This site from the National Park Service provides the history of Nidodemus, Kansas, first western town planned by and for African-Americans. Settled by exodusters, the town served as a symbol as a land of opportunity for blacks escaping...
Ducksters
Ducksters: Civil Rights for Kids: Glossary and Terms
Kids learn about Civil Rights glossary and terms including segregation, Jim Crow laws, disabilities, apartheid, suffrage, poll tax, and more. Definitions and words you need to know.
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: Carlton Moss
This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica features Carlton Moss, a filmmaker who inspired later African American filmmakers with the industrial, training, and educational films that he made in the era when segregation and discrimination...
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: Fred Shuttlesworth
This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica features Fred Shuttlesworth, an American minister and civil rights activist who established, with Martin Luther King, Jr., and others, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and who...
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: Mabel Keaton Staupers
This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica features Mabel Keaton Staupers, a Caribbean-American nurse and organization executive, most noted for her role in eliminating segregation in the Armed Forces Nurse Corps during World War II.
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: Guide to Black History: Nelson Mandela
This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica's Guide to Black History features Nelson Mandela, a black nationalist and first black president of South Africa (1994-99). His negotiations in the early 1990s with South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk...
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: Percy Ellis Sutton
Brief account of the life of Percy Sutton, a prominent civil rights attorney who represented Malcolm X as well as some 200 people arrested in the 1960s during protests against racial segregation in the American South.
Social Studies for Kids
Social Studies for Kids: Thurgood Marshall: Civil Rights Advocate
Thurgood Marshall successfully convinced the Supreme Court to rule that segregation was illegal in Brown v. Board of education, then later served on the Court itself. Find out more about this famous lawyer.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Africa, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
Photographs and an address that illustrate the role Africa played in black identity in the late-nineteenth century. This article compares Rev. Henry McNeal Turner's "back to Africa" campaign with the Exoduster migration to Kansas led by...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Education, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
Chapters and photographs in which Booker T. Washington promotes manual education for blacks. In this resource, Washington makes his case for the practical, trades-based education he installed at the Tuskegee Institute.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Business, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
A painting and an appeal that explore the role business played in black uplift in nineteenth-century America. This resource focuses on the work of Edward Bannister (1828-1901), one of the leading black painters of the nineteenth century.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Two Views, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
Two poems that explore the struggles of African Americans in the early-twentieth century. Links to both poems by Fenton Johnson are provided, and illustrate the struggles experienced as black man in white America in the 1910s
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Forward: Protest
An article that describes an NAACP meeting with Woodrow Wilson and excerpts from the film "Birth of a Nation." The text examines the gains and setbacks that mark the period of 1907 to 1917 for black Americans.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Forward:1917
Letters, an article, a pamphlet, and a song that point to greater black migration from the South and black cultural achievements in the twentieth century. The texts examines how migrations north affected the relationships of African...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Old Timers, Newcomers
An editorial cartoon and a newspaper article illustrating the tensions between members of established African American communities in the North and Southern migrants. Links to both resources are provided within this site.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Asking, Making of African American Identity: V. 3
Attempts by African Americans to petition for their civil rights are described within this resource. This include attempts by the black citizens of Charleston to ask for civil rights by petition rather than demand them with protest.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Marching, Making of African American Identity: V. 3
This resource by the National Humanities Center discusses the role of physical protest in the civil rights movement. Its primary focus, the print "Freedom Now," by Reginald Gammon (1921-2005), depicts the massing of bodies in the name of...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Boycotting, Making of African American Identity: V. 3
A memoir describing the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott by Jo Ann Gibson Robinson titled, "The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It." This text describes the importance of African American women in initiating the well-known...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Community as Place, Making of African American Identity: V. 3
Articles examining the notion of community as place. An essay by James Weldon Johnson and R. Edgar Iles provides different definitions of community by illustrating regional culture.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Community on Film, Making of African American Identity: V. 3
Excerpts from a 1941 film that depicts black and white communities in Kannapolis, NC, by H. Lee Waters (1902-1997). This two part film characterizes the differences in economy, community, and values of two separate cultures.
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