The goal of this lesson is for middle schoolers to use manipulatives to add integers, creating concepts rather than memorizing rules. This lesson will be related to the 300 Spartans who battled the invading Persians at the Battle of...

Standard 5.OA.2 asks students to "Write simple expressions that record calculations with numbers, and interpret numerical expressions without evaluating them." This task asks students to exercise both of these complementary skills,...