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OpenStax
Open Stax: u.s. History: The Westward Spirit
From a chapter on America's expansion westward in a history textbook. This section looks at how Americans felt about westward expansion in the mid-1800s, and ways that the federal government promoted migration. Includes review questions.
Calisphere: University of California Libraries
University of California: Calisphere: 1870 1900: The Transcontinental Railroad
Original photos and images highlighting the impact that the Transcontinental Railroad had on the lives and perspectives of Americans and Native Americans.
University of Groningen
American History: Outlines: Rise of Realism
This resource provides a wealth of information about the period of American literature from 1860-1914. There are eight good articles discussing the movements of realism, regionalism, and naturalism, the rise of black American literature,...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Buffalo Bill, the Gilded and the Gritty: America, 1870 1912
A program from the Buffalo Bill Wild West show that depicts the thrills of the American West and illustrates how American influence was spreading beyond the nation's borders.
Smithsonian Institution
National Postal Museum: The Story of the Pony Express
This article explores the story of the Pony Express, the "speedy" mail service that once connected the Eastern U.S. with the West.
Have Fun With History
Have Fun With History: Pioneers and the Frontier
Learning module with a variety of video and other resources on the expansion westward as pioneers settled new frontier in the 1800s.
University of Groningen
American History: Outlines: The Frontier Fosters Self Reliance
Based on the theory that because the King had given the colonists so many freedoms, and he had problems on the home-front, the colonists' will was strengthened. This contributed to the Revolution. There are links to Virginia's First...
Blackdog Media
Classic Reader: "The Last Trail" by Zane Grey
Text of the book "The Last Trail" by Zane Grey. (Free site registration offers some additional features, e.g., the ability to insert annotations.)
PBS
Pbs: American Experience: Jfk: Domestic Politics
Article explores the domestic policies of the Kennedy administration with a focus on civil rights.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1890 1945: Introduction to the Age of Empire
Discusses the transition of the United States in the late 19th century from an isolationist country into an imperial power with colonies of its own and the reasons for this abrupt change in foreign policy. Includes questions for students...
Van Gogh Gallery
The Van Gogh Gallery: George Caleb Bingham
Biographical summary of the life and career of William Glackens, American frontier painter and politician known as "the Missouri Artist."
Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museum
United States Indian Policy During the Late 19th Century: Change and Continuity
By the 1890's, the status of Indian people seemed to validate Frederick Jackson Turner's claim that "the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history." Natives ceased to threaten the Republic...
New York Public Library
In Motion: African American Migration Experience: Western Migration: To Kansas
From the extensive site about African-American migrations, this part of the site focuses on Exodusters and African-Americans who moved to Kansas after the Civil War. Read first-person accounts and see photographs of these hardy...
Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian American Art Museum: Letters From Frontier: Primary Documents
George Catlin made extensive observations on the various native peoples that he encountered on his travels in the West. He recorded his experiences in letters and notes. These documents provide us with critical information on the culture...
PBS
Pbs: American Experience: Annie Oakley
A biography of Annie Oakley which traces her childhood, her stardom in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show, her long marriage to Frank Butler, and her life after the show. Part of a larger PBS American Experience site about Annie Oakley.
Henry J. Sage
Sage American History: Expansion and War: The United States 1840 1860
Article on the era of westward expansion and the resulting Mexican American War. The author demonstrates how Manifest Destiny and frontier settlement led to the annexation of Texas and ultimately war with Mexico over the territory.
PBS
Pbs: American Experience: Grand Canyon: Powell's Expedition Colorado River
Part of the main feature called "Lost in the Grand Canyon," follow scientific explorer John Wesley Powell on his expedition down the Colorado River in 1869. This interactive map with its accompanying journal entries details the course of...
Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of American History: Our Story: Life in a Sod House
Imagine moving into a house made out of sod that you and your family had to build in the middle of a prairie! Find great information and activities that will help you understand how it felt to live on the prairie.
PBS
Pbs: American Experience: Lost in the Grand Canyon
The site of the PBS documentary "Lost in the Grand Canyon," features the story of John Wesley Powell and his famed trip down the Colorado River.
Other
Illinois State Museum: At Home in the Heartland Online
Exhibit about family life in Illinois from 1700 to the present lets visitors experience the kinds of changes that an environment can undergo over several hundred years. Uses historical narratives, images of objects, timelines, maps, and...
PBS
Pbs the West: The Nez Perce and the Dawes Act
This companion article from the PBS series, "New Perspectives on the West," offers a lesson plan which approaches the Dawes Act from the perspective of the Nez Perce.
Other
Nra National Firearms Museum: American West: Winchester Model 1876
A history of the earliest versions of the Winchester rifle, which found a ready market in the American West after the Civil War.
PBS
Pbs: Scientific American Frontiers: Teaching Guide: Tasty Models (5 8)
With this activity, learners create models of carbohydrates and proteins using pieces of candy in order "to visualize the atomic arrangements of nutrient molecules."
University of Washington
Northwest of the West: The Frontier Experience on the Northwest Coast
This resource, from an exhibition called "The Frontier in American Culture" shows how the frontier on the Northwest Coast differed from the frontier in the rest of the West. Differences include the forests and the development of logging...