eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: u.s. History: The Westward Spirit

For Students 9th - 10th
From a chapter on America's expansion westward in a history textbook. This section looks at how Americans felt about westward expansion in the mid-1800s, and ways that the federal government promoted migration. Includes review questions.
Primary
Calisphere: University of California Libraries

University of California: Calisphere: 1870 1900: The Transcontinental Railroad

For Students 9th - 10th
Original photos and images highlighting the impact that the Transcontinental Railroad had on the lives and perspectives of Americans and Native Americans.
Unit Plan
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: Rise of Realism

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
This resource provides a wealth of information about the period of American literature from 1860-1914. There are eight good articles discussing the movements of realism, regionalism, and naturalism, the rise of black American literature,...
Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Buffalo Bill, the Gilded and the Gritty: America, 1870 1912

For Teachers 9th - 10th
A program from the Buffalo Bill Wild West show that depicts the thrills of the American West and illustrates how American influence was spreading beyond the nation's borders.
Handout
Smithsonian Institution

National Postal Museum: The Story of the Pony Express

For Students 9th - 10th
This article explores the story of the Pony Express, the "speedy" mail service that once connected the Eastern U.S. with the West.
Unit Plan
Have Fun With History

Have Fun With History: Pioneers and the Frontier

For Students 9th - 10th
Learning module with a variety of video and other resources on the expansion westward as pioneers settled new frontier in the 1800s.
Website
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: The Frontier Fosters Self Reliance

For Students 9th - 10th
Based on the theory that because the King had given the colonists so many freedoms, and he had problems on the home-front, the colonists' will was strengthened. This contributed to the Revolution. There are links to Virginia's First...
eBook
Blackdog Media

Classic Reader: "The Last Trail" by Zane Grey

For Students 9th - 10th
Text of the book "The Last Trail" by Zane Grey. (Free site registration offers some additional features, e.g., the ability to insert annotations.)
Article
PBS

Pbs: American Experience: Jfk: Domestic Politics

For Students 9th - 10th
Article explores the domestic policies of the Kennedy administration with a focus on civil rights.
Handout
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1890 1945: Introduction to the Age of Empire

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the transition of the United States in the late 19th century from an isolationist country into an imperial power with colonies of its own and the reasons for this abrupt change in foreign policy. Includes questions for students...
Handout
Van Gogh Gallery

The Van Gogh Gallery: George Caleb Bingham

For Students 9th - 10th
Biographical summary of the life and career of William Glackens, American frontier painter and politician known as "the Missouri Artist."
Article
Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museum

United States Indian Policy During the Late 19th Century: Change and Continuity

For Students 9th - 10th
By the 1890's, the status of Indian people seemed to validate Frederick Jackson Turner's claim that "the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history." Natives ceased to threaten the Republic...
Website
New York Public Library

In Motion: African American Migration Experience: Western Migration: To Kansas

For Students 9th - 10th
From the extensive site about African-American migrations, this part of the site focuses on Exodusters and African-Americans who moved to Kansas after the Civil War. Read first-person accounts and see photographs of these hardy...
Lesson Plan
Smithsonian Institution

Smithsonian American Art Museum: Letters From Frontier: Primary Documents

For Teachers 9th - 10th
George Catlin made extensive observations on the various native peoples that he encountered on his travels in the West. He recorded his experiences in letters and notes. These documents provide us with critical information on the culture...
Handout
PBS

Pbs: American Experience: Annie Oakley

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Annie Oakley which traces her childhood, her stardom in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show, her long marriage to Frank Butler, and her life after the show. Part of a larger PBS American Experience site about Annie Oakley.
Article
Henry J. Sage

Sage American History: Expansion and War: The United States 1840 1860

For Students 9th - 10th
Article on the era of westward expansion and the resulting Mexican American War. The author demonstrates how Manifest Destiny and frontier settlement led to the annexation of Texas and ultimately war with Mexico over the territory.
Interactive
PBS

Pbs: American Experience: Grand Canyon: Powell's Expedition Colorado River

For Students 9th - 10th
Part of the main feature called "Lost in the Grand Canyon," follow scientific explorer John Wesley Powell on his expedition down the Colorado River in 1869. This interactive map with its accompanying journal entries details the course of...
Website
Smithsonian Institution

National Museum of American History: Our Story: Life in a Sod House

For Students 3rd - 8th
Imagine moving into a house made out of sod that you and your family had to build in the middle of a prairie! Find great information and activities that will help you understand how it felt to live on the prairie.
Website
PBS

Pbs: American Experience: Lost in the Grand Canyon

For Students 9th - 10th
The site of the PBS documentary "Lost in the Grand Canyon," features the story of John Wesley Powell and his famed trip down the Colorado River.
Website
Other

Illinois State Museum: At Home in the Heartland Online

For Students 9th - 10th
Exhibit about family life in Illinois from 1700 to the present lets visitors experience the kinds of changes that an environment can undergo over several hundred years. Uses historical narratives, images of objects, timelines, maps, and...
Lesson Plan
PBS

Pbs the West: The Nez Perce and the Dawes Act

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This companion article from the PBS series, "New Perspectives on the West," offers a lesson plan which approaches the Dawes Act from the perspective of the Nez Perce.
Website
Other

Nra National Firearms Museum: American West: Winchester Model 1876

For Students 9th - 10th
A history of the earliest versions of the Winchester rifle, which found a ready market in the American West after the Civil War.
Lesson Plan
PBS

Pbs: Scientific American Frontiers: Teaching Guide: Tasty Models (5 8)

For Teachers 3rd - 8th
With this activity, learners create models of carbohydrates and proteins using pieces of candy in order "to visualize the atomic arrangements of nutrient molecules."
Handout
University of Washington

Northwest of the West: The Frontier Experience on the Northwest Coast

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource, from an exhibition called "The Frontier in American Culture" shows how the frontier on the Northwest Coast differed from the frontier in the rest of the West. Differences include the forests and the development of logging...