Primary
Tufts University

Perseus Digital Library: Works by and About Cicero

For Students 9th - 10th
Contains electronic versions of many of the writings of Cicero. Some are available in both English and Latin, others only in one or the other language.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Access the full range of content in the "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" from this A-Z index page.
Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Modernist Portraits: F. Scott Fitzgerald

For Students 9th - 10th
This brief biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald draws on his ability to realistically portray life during the "Jazz Age," a phrase coined by Fitzgerald. "F. Scott Fitzgerald Activities" offers related materials.
Unknown Type
History Teacher

Historyteacher.net: Global Studies: China: The Age of the Philosophers Quiz (1)

For Students 9th - 10th
Quiz your knowledge on philosophers of China.
Article
Other

Trinity College: The Window: Ibn Rushd

For Students 9th - 10th
Brief biography from Trinity College of Ibn Rushd, a Muslim scholar who made contributions to many fields of study, including astronomy, philosophy, music, and medicine.
Interactive
CPALMS

Florida State University Cpalms: Florida Students: The Enlightenment Thinkers

For Students 7th - 8th
Links to a concentration game where students must match famous Enlightenment thinkers to their ideas.
Article
Other

The Case of Martin Heidegger, Philosopher and Nazi

For Students 9th - 10th
Part One of an outstanding three-part series on Heidegger's involvement with the Nazi party. Seems a level-headed and impartial treatment of a potential explosive topic.
Primary
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: Bartolome De Las Casas Debates the Subjugation of the Indians

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] Read a summary of Bartolome de Las Casas' views about the horrors of Spanish encomienda system and his arguments for proper treatment of Native Americans. Find a link to a translation of his book where...
Handout
Other

Thoreau Institute: The History of Environmentalism

For Students 9th - 10th
This essay is a thorough investigation of the various political and philosophical changes which have occurred throughout the environmental movement. Examines the current situation and includes references. Excellent article.
Website
Steven Kreis, PhD

The History Guide: Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920's

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides text from a lecture that looks at European culture after WWI. Looks at the literary and artistic developments during and as a result of the war. With links to several biographical websites on authors and philosophers...
Handout
McMaster University

Mc Master University: The Bertrand Russell Archives

For Students 9th - 10th
The archives of Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)-- British philosopher, logician, essayist, and renowned peace advocate--are located at McMaster University. This is the home page for the collection, which features biographical information,...
Website
Other

The Poetics of Aristotle: The Rise of Comedy

For Students 9th - 10th
This selection from Aristotle's "Poetics" offers the famous Greek philosopher's explanation of the origins of comedy. For a complete understanding of both comedy and tragedy in the traditional literary sense, the entire text of...
Graphic
Curated OER

Web Gallery of Art: The Philosophers of Alexandria

For Students 11th - 12th
An image of "The Philosophers of Alexandria", created by Masolino Da Panicale from 1428-30 (Fresco).
Graphic
Curated OER

Web Gallery of Art: The Philosopher Cratetes

For Students 11th - 12th
An image of "The Philosopher Cratetes", created by Luca Giordano, c. 1650 (Oil on canvas, 113 x 90 cm).
Graphic
Curated OER

The Dispute Between St Catherine of Alexandria and the Philosophers

For Students 11th - 12th
An image of "The Dispute between St Catherine of Alexandria and the Philosophers", created by Johann Lucas Kracker in 1775 (Oil on canvas, 76,5 x 40,5 cm).
Activity
Other

Amherst College: Ask Philosphers

For Students 9th - 10th
This online panel accepts a submitted question and then "puts the talents and knowledge of philosophers at the service of the general public." After a question is sent in, the philosophers are put to work in answering the question based...
Article
Famous Scientists

Famous Scientists: Abu Nasr Al Farabi

For Students 9th - 10th
Find out about the philosopher, Al-Farabi, who is credited with preserving the original Greek texts during the Middle Ages because of his commentaries and treatises, and influencing many prominent philosophers
Website
Other

Biography of Baruch Spinoza

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides some brief biological information about the philosopher, Baruch Spinoza.
Article
Famous Scientists

Famous Scientists: Thomas Kuhn

For Students 9th - 10th
Meet the author of one of the most influential books of the 20th century The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, and the philosopher who coined the term "paradigm shift."
Handout
Society of Archbishop Justus

Justin Martyr,philosopher,apologist,martyr 1 June,167

For Students 9th - 10th
This website gives a somewhat more mature biographical sketch of Justin Martyr. According to historical accounts,it was Martyr's fierce defence of Christianity,coupled with his natural,philosophical approach,which weaved the pattern of...
Article
Other

Philosophe.com: Getting to Know Your Audience

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Essays about understanding your audience in the development of websites. This extended discussion can enlighten the understanding the audience in writing any work.
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: The Second Continental Congress (1775)

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
An overview of the Second Continental Congress (1775).
Website
Other

Animus: A Philosophical Journal for Our Time

For Students 9th - 10th
Animus is an online scholarly journal that analyzes the role of philosophy today.
Website
University of Calgary

U. Of Calgary: The Islamic World to 1600, Al Farabi

For Students 9th - 10th
Article provides a brief article on the Islamic philosopher, Al-Farabi, whose work influenced the Islamic philosophers who followed him, particularly Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd.