A chapter that explores how white perceptions influence African American identity. Although granted freedom, citizenship, and suffrage by the Civil War amendments, W. E. B. Du Bois explains how the emancipated black person had yet to be...

Chapter in which W. E. B. Du Bois examines the state of African Americans between 1861 and 1872. He reviews the period from 1861 to 1872 as the "dawn of freedom," focusing on the Freedmen's Bureau, its promise, achievements, and doom.

An overview of the life and career of W.E.B. DuBois. Provides information pertaining to his political interests and his involvement in the NAACP. Related links to other civil rights leaders and issues are presented.

Essay in which W. E. B. Du Bois discusses the need for a black elite. This essay, "The Talented Tenth" is provided, illustrating his efforts to improve the social standing of African Americans.

A speech by Mary Church Terrell, a letter by Booker T. Washington, a letter by W.E.B. DuBois, and the Niagara Movement's Declaration of Principles describe African American civil rights strategies in the early-twentieth century.

Highly detailed article concerning this famous era. Historical significance is addressed and a well-written analysis of many authors.

A listing of the Jim Crow laws and understood Jim Crow etiquette found across the South in the late 19th century.

In this encyclopedia article, you can learn about Col. Charles Young, the first African-American colonel in the U.S. Army.

A biography and analysis of the life of the famous author, as well as literary criticism as well as online poems, letters and a bibliography. Includes many quotes and his poetry.

Brief overview, followed by biographical sketches of people making this time memorable.