Curated OER
National Park Service: Legends of Tuskegee
Exhibit documents the history and achievements of three key constituents of Tuskegee University: Booker T. Washington, who founded the university; the Tuskegee Airmen, the first African American flying squadron who trained there during...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Education, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
Chapters and photographs in which Booker T. Washington promotes manual education for blacks. In this resource, Washington makes his case for the practical, trades-based education he installed at the Tuskegee Institute.
Curated OER
History Matters: Atlanta Compromise Speech, 1895
Read an excerpt from Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise speech, in which he stresses accommodation rather than resistance as way to deal with racism. Includes a short audio clip - the only surviving recording of Washington's...
Library of Congress
Loc: Industrial Education
After the Civil War, the free men and women had little skills to work in industrial America. Booker T. Washington established a training school to give these men and women the skills they needed to thrive. This annual report by...
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Goals
The full text of Booker T. Washington's plea for white support of black enterprise and W. E. B. Dubois's response are provided within this resource, in addition to a summary of their positions.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: African Americans, the Gilded and the Gritty: 1870 1912
A speech by Mary Church Terrell, a letter by Booker T. Washington, a letter by W.E.B. DuBois, and the Niagara Movement's Declaration of Principles describe African American civil rights strategies in the early-twentieth century.
![Digital History: Two Paths Towards Equality [Pdf] Website](https://d15y2dacu3jp90.cloudfront.net/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/FPO-knovation.png "Digital History: Two Paths Towards Equality [Pdf] Website")
Digital History
Digital History: Two Paths Towards Equality [Pdf]
During the time of rising segregation in the late 19th century two African-American leaders offered two opposite views about how to advance civil rights for African-Americans. Read about the philosophies of those leaders. Booker T....
Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press.
New Georgia Encyclopedia: Atlanta Compromise Speech
Booker T. Washington's Atlanta Compromise Speech is one of the most significant speeches in American history. Read the background of the speech, why it was controversial then and now.
Library of Congress
Loc: African American Perspectives: Pamphlets From Daniel a.p. Murray Collection
The Daniel A. P. Murray Pamphlet Collection presents a panoramic and eclectic review of African-American history and culture, spanning almost one hundred years from the early nineteenth through the early twentieth centuries, with the...
ClassFlow
Class Flow: Booker T. Washington and w.e.b. Du Bois
[Free Registration/Login Required] This flipchart compares and contrasts the African American leaders of the late 1800's and early 1900's. It includes Venn Diagrams, quotes, pictures, and poetry.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: w.e.b. Du Bois
Read a brief biography of W.E.B. DuBois, who was an early civil rights activist and supporter of equal opportunity and treatment for African-Americans. See how he acted on his beliefs. Included is a brief quiz about the Progressive Era.
PBS
Pbs: The Black Press: Newspapers
At this PBS site, read about the histories of eight African-American newspapers: The Chicago Defender, The California Eagle, The Afro-American, The Pittsburgh Courier, Amsterdam News, Atlanta Daily World, Freedom's Journal, and Norfolk...
Social Studies Help Center
Social Studies Help Center: Turn of the Century African American Reformers
A brief outline of information about African Americans & reform during the Progressive Era. Links to more information on Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey.
Siteseen
Siteseen: American Historama: The Atlanta Compromise
A comprehensive overview with detailed facts about Booker T. Washington and the 1895 Atlanta Compromise speech.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Action, Making of African American Identity: V. 2
An address, a declaration of principle, and the Black National Anthem illustrating differing approaches to political action. The texts examine how Washington and Du Bois turned their political objectives into action organizations in the...
Constitutional Rights Foundation
Constitutional Rights Foundation: Three Visions for African Americans
Learning Activity on the divergent views of African American leaders. Students review and compare the competing visions of Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois. In addition, students choose a contemporary African...
Black Past
Black Past: Mound Bayou
This interesting encyclopedia article recounts the self-segregated community of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, which was founded as a place for blacks to find economic opportunity at a time of extreme racial violence in the South.
Alabama Learning Exchange
Alex: African American Honorees in Alabama History
Young scholars will create a PowerPoint slide show presentation and brochure on a famous African American icon from the Alabama Calendar. Students may select famous African Americans from Alabama such as Rosa Parks, Vonetta Flowers, Dr....
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Migrations: Negro Migration During War
An analysis of the reasons why blacks moved north around the time of World War I. An article by Emmett J. Scott (1873-1957), who for a time served as Booker T. Washington's personal secretary, is linked to this resource.
Library of Congress
Loc: Education, Economic and Social Progress
Text, photos, song lyrics and other primary source materials document the struggle to overcome obstacles to equal rights. Click on each image to see a larger image.
PBS
Pbs: The American Experience in the 1900s
This site presents a general picture of what life was like in the United States at the turn of the century. Content includes compelling images, information, and documents about American life.
Texas A&M University
Jae: Agricultural Teacher Education Preceding the Smith Hughes Act [Pdf]
This detailed article from the Journal of Agricultural Education describes the place of agriculture in both elementary and secondary education in the early part of the 20th century. Read about the push to graduate teachers of agriculture...
Other
Earliest Voices: Gallery From the Vincent Voice Library
This site addresses the advent of the voice recording. The introduction talks about the country at the time of this invention, the feelings of people on the topic, and early recording itself. Included are voice recordings of such...
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Class Consciousness in American Literature
This unit revolves around various social realist authors during the Gilded Age in America. Click the tabs for the list of authors, timeline, video and activities.
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