Paul Andersen explains how organisms regulate their internal osmolarity or not. He starts with a brief description of osmosis and why it is important for animal cell to be surrounded by an isotonic solution. He then explains how...

In the video Paul Andersen explains how Bernoulli's Equation describes the conservation of energy in a fluid. The equation describes the pressure energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy of a fluid at a single point. A sample problem...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how traveling waves move through space and time. The reflection and interference of traveling waves can create standing waves which appear motionless. Examples of traveling waves in one and two...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the strong nuclear force holds the nucleus together in spite of repulsive electrostatic charges acting on the nucleons. Mesons exchanged between nucleons keep the nucleus intact and gluons...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the continuity equation is an application of conservation of matter in a fluid. The continuity equation may apply to either mass or volumetric flow. Example problem and examples are included.

Paul Andersen shows you how to solve simple Hardy-Weinberg problems. He starts with a brief description of a gene pool and shows you how the formula is derived. He then shows you how to solve a couple of sample problems.

In this video Paul Andersen explains the basic anatomy of a neuron; including the dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, axon, and axon terminal. He also describes how neurons are classified both structurally and functionally.

Paul Andersen describes mechanisms that increase the genetic variation within a population. He begins by discussing how horizontal transfer can move genetic material between bacteria. Transformation, transduction, and conjugation in...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how waves interact when moving through one another. Unlike particles waves can interfere both constructively and destructively. The amount of interference is determined through the superposition...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how a vector field shows the distribution of vector quantities. In AP Physics 1 student should be able to map and understand gravitational vector fields. In AP Physics 2 students should be able to map...

In this video Paul Andersen explains the importance of standard deviation. He starts with a discussion of normal distribution and how the standard deviation measures the average distance from the mean, or the "spread" of data. He then...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how nuclear energy is released during fission of radioactive uranium. Light water reactors, nuclear waste, and nuclear accidents are also discussed along with the future of nuclear energy.

In this video Paul Andersen describes the lipids (of the fats). He explains how they are an important source of energy but are also required to cell membranes. He explains how the hydrocarbon tails in triglycerides contain energy...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how ray diagrams for lenses can be used to determine the size and location of a refracted image. Images may be either real or virtual images. Ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses are...

Paul Andersen explains the two major portions of the molecular biology lab in AP Biology. He starts by discussing the process of transformation. He explains how you can use the pGLO plasmid to produce glowing E. coli bacteria. He then...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how light can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted as it moves from one medium to another. The reflection of different wavelengths creates the perceived color of an object. Absorbed light is...

Mr. Andersen talks you through the diffusion demo. After you finish watching this video you should be able to rank the following from smallest to largest: starch, glucose, water, IKI and the pores in the dialysis tubing.

Paul Andersen explains how pigments can be separated using chromatography. He shows how you can calculate the Rf value for each pigment. He then explains how you can measure the rate of photosynthesis using leaf chads and water...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. The temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy according to the Kelvin scale. At absolute zero...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how a sine or cosine wave can describe the position of the wave based on wavelength or wave period. A wave function can the position of a wave as a function or the amplitude and wavelength or the...

Paul Andersen explains the current classification system that we use in Biology. He starts with a brief history of taxonomy. He explains how the goal of classification is to reflect evolutionary relationships. He then explains how each...

Paul Andersen explains how catalysts can speed up a reaction without being consumed in the reaction. Catalysts can lower the activation energy of reaction be stabilizing the transition state. They can also create new reaction pathways...

In this video Paul Andersen explains the basics of solid waste including trends over time, basic composition, and disposal. A brief description of the three R's (reuse, reduce, and recycle) is included as ways to minimize waste....

In this video Paul Andersen explains how current moving through a loop of wire can act as an analog for a magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipoles (like compass needles) respond to magnetic fields created by other magnets.