In this video Paul Andersen explains how engineers optimize the design solution. After a number of solutions have been identified engineers will test each of them against a given set of criteria. They will trade-off different phenomenon...

Paul Andersen explains the three types of muscle found in humans; striated, smooth and cardiac muscle. He explains how actin and myosin interact to contract the sarcomere in a muscle. The sliding filament theory explains how ATP and...

In this video Paul Andersen explains the structures and functions of seventeen major parts of the brain. He begins with a quick discussion of brain evolution and ends with a review of the major parts presented inside the brainstem,...

Paul Andersen introduces the Punnett Square as a a powerful tool in genetic analysis. He tries to address major misconceptions that students have when use a Punnett Square. He gives a number of examples of monohybrid crosses and one...

Paul Andersen briefly surveys members of the Domain Animalia. He begins with brief description of the phylogeny of animals. He then describes the characteristics of all animals, heterotrophy, multicellularity, motility and blastula. He...

Paul Andersen describes how plants and animals defend themselves against pathogens. He begins by discussing the hypersensitive response in plants as a nonspecific form of immune response. He then discusses both the humoral and...

In this video Paul Andersen explains in more detail the history of the Earth. He shows how the history of the Earth is written in the rocks that are built up over time. Fossils allow us to compare different rock layers relative to one...

Paul Andersen explains the central dogma of biology. He explains how genes in the DNA are converted to mRNA through the process of transcription. He then explains how ribosomes use this message to convert the mRNA to a functioning...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the atomic model has changed over time. A model is simply a theoretical construct of phenomenon and so when we receive new data we may have to refine our model. Ionization energy data resulted in...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how rock is formed and changed on the planet. The video begins with a brief description of rocks, minerals, and the rock cycle. Plate tectonics is used to describe structure near plate boundaries. Hot...

Mr. Andersen explains the difference between potential and kinetic gravitational energy. He also uses physics to calculate the energy in various objects.

In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter, like light, can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Louis de Broglie proposed that matter could act as a wave and described the wavelength of matter as a function of Planck's...

Paul Andersen explains how nutrients and water are transported in plants. He begins with a brief discussion of what nutrients are required by plants and where they get them. He shows you dermal, vascular and ground tissue in monocot and...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how natural disasters (like earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and flooding) have affected and will continue to affect humans on the planet. Many of the natural hazards (like volcanoes and storms) can...

Mr. Andersen details the history of modern atomic theory.

Paul Andersen gives ten tips on increasing comprehension.

Paul Andersen explains how polymers are formed from monomers. He describes how carbohydrates, protein and nucleic acids are created through condensation reactions. He also explains how these macromolecules are broken down through the...

Paul Andersen describes the molecular structure of DNA. He describes the major parts of a nucleotide and explains how they are assembled into a nucleic acid. The nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group make up a single...

Paul Andersen describes the process of mitosis. He begins by discussing the importance of the cell cycle in development, regeneration, asexual reproduction and wound healing. He differentiates between haploid and diploid cells and...

In this video Paul Andersen compares and contrasts transverse and longitudinal waves. Waves carry energy through oscillations. In transverse waves the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave and in longitudinal they...

In this video Paul Andersen explains the nature of science. He describes how science is a way of knowing about the natural world. Scientists develop investigations to gather evidence and make explanations about how the natural world...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how forests and rangelands are managed to provide renewable lumber and cattle. Threats to renewability of forests include old-growth logging, forest fires, and tree plantations. Threats to renewable...

Paul Andersen describes the macromolecules that make up living organisms. He starts with a brief description of organic chemistry and the importance of functional groups. He also covers both dehydration and hydrolysis in polymerization....

Mr. Andersen shows you how to determine if a bond is nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionc.