Open Stax: Anatomy & Physiology: Accessory Structures of the Skin

Find out about the types of intercellular communication, their importance, mechanisms, and effects. Then continue on to the next sections to learn about hormones, the different endocrine glands, the organs with secondary endocrine...

Students describe what defines each of the three metabolic states of the human body: the absorptive state, the postabsorptive state, and starvation.

Describe the structures of the mouth, including its three accessory digestive organs: the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus. Also trace the pathway food follows from ingestion into the mouth through release into the stomach.

Students learn about the location and structure of the adrenal glands, and find out the physiological effects of the hormones produced there.

Students learn about the location and structure of the parathyroid glands and find out what happens to the body when these glands fail to function.

Students learn about the location and structure of the pancreas, and the morphology and function of the pancreatic islets.

Students learn how the different stages of embryonic development relate to the adult structures of the central nervous system, and understand the growth and differentiation of the neural tube.

Find out about the characteristics and components of blood with informational text, diagrams, examples, and review questuons.

Students learn the chemical make-up and pH of urine in the human body.

Students learn about the external structure of the kidney, including its location, support structures, and covering, as well as the major internal divisions and structures of the kidney.