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Protons, Neutrons and Electrons Explained - what's the difference?
In this video, we'll explore the differences between the proton, neutron, and electron. We'll learn about their characteristics, and how they interact with matter. This video is perfect for anyone who wants to learn more about subatomic...
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How to Determine the Number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an ION
In this video, we'll be talking about how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an ion. We'll be using the periodic table to help us out, so don't miss it! If you're looking to learn about atomic and nuclear...
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Molecules, compounds and types of chemical bonds
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound? What are the main types of chemical bonds? In this video, we will be answering those questions and more.
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Understanding Batteries: How Chemical Reactions Generate Electrical Energy
In this video, we explore how batteries work by converting chemical energy into electrical energy. The three main components of a battery, the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, play vital roles in this energy transformation. By...
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Chemistry - Electron Configuration for Ions
Electron Configurations are essential to chemistry and they help us better understand and explain the position/location of electrons. Writing electron configurations can be daunting at first but once you see the pattern, you will be able...
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Invention and evolution of the microscope
Since the invention of the first light microscope, microscopy has evolved so much. We are now able to see things at an atomic level. In this video, we will learn who invented the light microscope and the many other breakthroughs that...
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How lasers are used to treat cancer
In medicine, we use different types of lasers to fight cancer. In this video, we will learn everything about carbon dioxide (CO2), argon and neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers and how they are used to treat cancer in a...
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Carbon The Exceptional Element Looking into Its Unique Qualities
Carbon and silicon are the predominant elements in the earth's crust, whereas germanium is present in minimal quantities. Lead and tin are present in minuscule quantities. Carbon exists in various forms, including coal, diamond,...
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Valency Revealed Group IV Elements' Complex Chemistry
Tetrahedron formation is a crucial aspect of the chemical bonding and molecular geometry of Group 4 elements like carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. The tetrahedral shape is formed by the arrangement of four substituents around a...
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Pauli's Exclusion Principle: The rule of electrons
Wolfgang Pauli's Exclusion Principle, developed in 1925, is a crucial concept in quantum mechanics. It states that two electrons in the same atom cannot have the same set of quantum numbers, which are the principal quantum number (𝑻n),...
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Principal Quantum Number: The Key to Electron Shells
The principal quantum number (𝑛) is a fundamental parameter in quantum mechanics that determines the size and energy level of an electron's orbit within an atom. It is a positive integer that represents the main energy level or shell in...
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Azimuthal Quantum Number: Shaping Electron Orbits
Characterised by the symbol 𝑙l, the azimuthal quantum number is a fundamental parameter in quantum mechanics that describes the angular momentum and form of an electron's orbital within an atom. The integer values it accepts range from 0...
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Cations and Anions Explained - What's the difference?!
Ions are all around you and in many of the products and substances you encounter on a daily basis. Being able to determine the identity and difference between cations and anions is important for success in chemistry and physical science....
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Atoms and Molecules - what is the difference??
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter and they are very very small. They are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and they are the smallest unit of matter that still retains the basic properties of an element. Molecules...
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Why is the Periodic Table Shaped the Way It Is? Is an Alternative Periodic Table Better?
Why is the Periodic Table Shaped the Way It Is? Is an Alternative Periodic Table Better?
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Atomic number, Atomic mass, Mass number: What's the difference?
In this educational video, we will explore the differences between atomic number, atomic mass, and mass number in the world of chemistry.
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Unlocking Carbon's Secrets Electronic Configurations and Valency in the Carbon Family
Group 14 elements are carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb). Their valence electron configuration is unique and is shown by the symbol ns²np². This set-up shows that there are two electrons in the outermost s...
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The Photoelectric Effect : Light and Electrons
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a material, typically a metal, when exposed to light. This effect supports the quantum theory of light and demonstrates the particle-like properties of...
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Solid State Electrical Properties and Band Theory
Electrical conductivity varies from metals to insulators. Solids can be divided into three categories: conductors, insulators, and semiconductors. Conductors are solids through which electricity can flow to a large extent, classified as...
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Metal Excess Defect in Zinc Oxide ZnO
Metal excess defect due to excess cations occurs when extra positive ions (cations) are present in the crystal lattice, occupying interstitial sites to maintain electrical neutrality. To balance the excess positive charge, electrons are...
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Atoms and Ions Explained - What's the difference?
In this video, we'll explore what atoms and ions are, and what the differences are. We'll also talk about how they're used in chemistry and physical science. If you're curious about what atoms and ions are, and what the differences are,...
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Intel's Breakthrough: Silicon Laser Chip Paves the Way for Low-Cost Optical Devices
Intel has developed a breakthrough laser microchip based on silicon, which has traditionally been a poor carrier for optical data. This development allows for low-cost, high-bandwidth silicon-based optical devices, bringing significant...
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What is an atom made of
What is an atom? And what is it made of? In this video, I will be introducing you to the atom. We will also look at concepts like atomic mass, elements and isotopes.
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What are carbon-based molecules
Carbon-based molecules are the basis of life as we know it. Molecules like lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates that make up all living things have one thing in common - carbon.