Curated Video
What Is Time? Exploring One of Physics’ Deepest Mysteries
In quantum mechanics, it’s just as natural to go forward in time as going backwards. And if you look at a typical Feynman diagram, you can turn the diagram either way. Where does this transition from time symmetry at the quantum level,...
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How Quantum Mechanics Predicts the Periodic Table
Why do certain elements have similar properties? Because of the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus of atoms. But why are electrons arranged specifically in certain orbitals and shells? The structure of atoms can be predicted...
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Is Free Will Written Within the Laws of Quantum Physics?
The simplest definition of free will is the ability to have made a different choice. Our more precise definition: it is the ability of conscious beings to make choices that are not solely determined by prior physical causes. Since...
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Why Are Unstable Neutrons Everywhere?
Why to neutrons exist? You may say, this is a silly question. But the problem is that we know that free neutrons are unstable. This means that if you isolate a neutron by itself, after about 15 minutes, it will spontaneously transform...
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The Many Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics Explained with Sean Carroll
The many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics was put forth by graduate student Hugh Everett in 1957. It was considered preposterous at the time, but is now going mainstream. It requires us to change our paradigm about our...
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Can Life Exist in a Two-Dimensional Universe?
We have 3D + 1D of time. Why aren’t there 4 dimensions or 2 dimensions? Can life exist in the 4th dimension? Is there something special about three dimensions that makes life possible? This is the question that But maybe our thoughts are...
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Hawking Radiation Explained: How Black Holes Lose Energy
Hawking radiation,Black-Hole Evaporation and black hole explosions! Stephen Hawking theorized that a black hole may not be so black. He showed that when you apply the laws of quantum mechanics to classical physics, you find that they...
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How Fundamental Constants Define the Limits of Physics: The Planck Scale
How the Planck scale is derived from the most important fundamental constants in physics. This is where our physics ends. If you wanted to simulate the universe in a computer, you would need to enter about 26 fundamental constants. 15 of...
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Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and the End of Determinism
When the nucleus was discovered by Rutherford, it became clear the classical world was not reality, because according to classical electromagnetism, the electron should collapse to the proton. This problem was solved by Niels Bohr who...
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Quantum Holonomy Theory: A New Take on the Limits of Reductionism
Does a final theory exist that can end our reductionist probing into ever shorter distances? Or is there no end to reductionism? There should be an end point because as the object of our measurement gets small enough, the high energies...
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Eternal Inflation: A Leading Theory Behind the Multiverse
Summary: The big bang model has some problems - homogeneity, flatness, and lack of magnetic monopoles. Cosmic Inflation occurred when the entire universe shortly after its beginning, expanded exponentially fast for a fraction of a...
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Does the Many Worlds Theory Suggest Quantum Immortality?
Quantum Immortality - is it real? Quantum mechanics shows that all particles are not particles at all but really waves of probabilities. There are two common interpretations of how these waves become distinct- one is the "many worlds...
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How Scientists Simulated a Wormhole in the Lab
A quantum wormhole was created by a team of physicists led by Maria Spiropulu of CalTech. But this was not a wormhole in spacetime, but a quantum holographic wormhole created inside a quantum computer. The two main theories that describe...
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Do the Past, Present, and Future Exist at the Same Time? Exploring the Nature of Time
Is time an illusion? If not, what is time? Why does time flow forward? You are watching this video. Your brain cells are firing in anticipation. A story is unfolding. Time is moving forward. Or is it? What if I told you that nothing is...
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Is the Universe a Hologram? Exploring the Holographic Principle
Holographic Universe? Are we living on a hologram? Or inside a black hole? Our perception is that we live in a three dimensional world. What if our three dimensions, can be equally represented on a two dimensional surface? Does this mean...
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Copenhagen vs. Many Worlds: Two Views of Quantum Mechanics Explained
Physicists know how to use the equations of quantum mechanics to predict things, but don't really understand what is fundamentally going on. The primary challenge is that according to the equations of QM, all particles exist in a state...
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Have We Only Discovered Half of Physics? Understanding Supersymmetry
Summary: In this video I explain what supersymmetry is, why physicists think it should exist, why we haven't discovered it, and why it is necessary. There's a theoretical idea that could get us closer to a theory of everything, and could...
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Did the W Boson’s Mass Break the Rules of Physics?
SUMMARY In April 2022, a team at Fermilab announced that the W-boson was measured to a new level of 7 sigma precision- 80.4335 giga electron volts (GeV) plus or minus 0.0094 GeV. However, this was not what is predicted by the the...
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How Everything Acts Like a Spring: A Physics Perspective
SUMMARY: Why Everything in the universe is a spring (kind of). Why everything is a spring. Classical springs like you might have in your mattress have a harmonic oscillation. And this behavior has a quantum mechanical analog in what’s...
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How the Universe Breaks the Law of Energy Conservation
SUMMARY The law of energy conservation may be the most fundamental law in physics. It says that overall energy is always conserved. It can never be created nor destroyed - it can only change form. But this law is probably violated by our...
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How Does Light Slow Down in a Medium?
SUMMARY Why does the speed of light change in different media? or Does it? How photons always travel at the same speed, but the speed of light changes. In 1905 Einstein proposed the theory of special relativity. One of the postulates was...
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How Can Mass and Energy Be the Same Thing?
SUMMARY How is mass and energy the same thing? What is mass really? If you weigh 80kg and are in a car moving 100km/hr, your energy is equal to about 30000 joules. But did you know that the energy you have standing still, not moving at...
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How Do Elements Get Their Physical Properties?
The explanation covers the electron configurations, quantum mechanics, and relativistic effects that determine these properties. This video is perfect for anyone curious about the science behind element properties. Helium has two protons...
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Does a Copy of You Exist in a Multiverse?
SUMMARY The idea that there may be different versions of you comes from the concept of multiverses. There are many types of multiverses in physics. But at least two multiverse concepts based on generally accepted and observationally...