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Atoms and Molecules - what is the difference??
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter and they are very very small. They are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons and they are the smallest unit of matter that still retains the basic properties of an element. Molecules...
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Chemistry - The Mole Explained - What is Avogadro's Number?!
Understanding the mole and how to use it is essential to your success in chemistry. The mole just represents the amount of a substance. 1 mole of anything is equal to 6.02 x 10^23 which is known as Avogadro's number. This number tells us...
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Most common types of hydrolysis - Study with me
In acid and base chemistry, we learn that there are 3 main types of hydrolysis: salt, acid and base. In this video, I will show you a fun and crafty way to spice up your organic chemistry notes on this topic.
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What is a monosaccharide
Monosaccharides are the simplest forms of carbohydrates. Their classification, structure and examples are going to be discussed in this video.
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Developing a Cancer Vaccine: Promising Progress in Perugia, Italy
Researchers in Perugia, Italy have made significant progress in developing a cancer vaccine as an alternative to traditional treatments like radio and chemotherapy. By stimulating the immune response with a molecule called CD 28, they...
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Meet the ADORABLE disaccharides - maltose, sucrose and lactose
When 2 monosaccharides come together and form a glycosidic bond, they become a disaccharide. In this video, we will be looking at the structure and examples of disaccharides we find in nature.
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Hydrolysis of carbohydrates
Hydrolysis is a water-based chemical reaction, where water is used to break down a specific substance or molecule. In this video, we will look at a specific type of hydrolysis - hydrolysis of carbohydrates. We will learn how water is...
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Molecular Matters Polar and Non-Polar Solids
Molecular Matters: Polar and Non-Polar Solids Polar molecular solids are crystalline solids with a permanent dipole moment due to differences in electronegativity between atoms. These solids have strong dipole-dipole interactions, lower...
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Formal Charge Made Simple: A Guide to Molecular Stability
Formal Charge Made Simple: A Guide to Molecular Stability Formal charge is a bookkeeping tool used to estimate the charge distribution within a molecule. It is calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons in an atom's free...
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VSEPR Theory - lone electron pair influence
Bond Angle Distortion: Lone pairs reduce bond angles between bonding pairs. For example, in a molecule like NH₃ (ammonia), the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5° is compressed to around 107° due to the presence of a lone pair on nitrogen....
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VSEPR Theory Postulates: The Rules Behind Molecular Geometry
The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts molecular shapes by focusing on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. The main postulates include: Electron Pair Repulsion: Electron pairs...
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VSEPR Theory: Predicting Molecular Shapes with Ease
VSEPR postulates state that the geometry of a molecule depends on the number and arrangement of bonding and lone electron pairs around the central atom
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Expanded Octets & Odd Electron Molecules: PCl5, SF6 Breaking the Octet Rule
Molecules like PF5, SF₆ defy the octet rule, with expanded valence shells or unpaired electrons, arising from the availability of d-orbitals or radical stability
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Geometry in BeCl₂ & BF₃: A VSEPR Theory Perspective
BeCl₂ and BF₃ exhibit linear and trigonal planar geometries, respectively, as predicted by the VSEPR theory, minimizing electron pair repulsion
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Chemical Bonding Unveiled: The Basics of Chemistry's Glue
Chemical bonding explains how atoms combine to form molecules. It involves forces like ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds that hold atoms together, dictating the physical and chemical properties of substances.
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Difference between acids and bases. And why supervillains love them.
What is the difference between acids and bases? This is a commonly asked question in both chemistry and biology classes. In this video, we will go through the definition of acid and base, and why they are so important to us, and, uh,...
Science ABC
What is DNA and How Does it Work?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that is often called the blueprint of life. Located in the nucleus, the DNA is a very long molecule with a helix winding structure like a twisted ladder. The rungs of the ladder are made of four...
Science ABC
Resonance (Chemistry) Explained in Simple Words with Examples
Resonance is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules where a single Lewis formula cannot express the bonding. To understand resonance in chemistry, you need to first understand covalent bonds, sigma and pi...
Science ABC
Immune Privilege: Do Your Eyes Have a 'Separate' Immune System?
To protect your vision, the human eye gets something called immune privilege. It is basically a license that the bodys immune system gives to some organs, like the eyes and the brain. Immune privilege limits the response of the immune...
Science ABC
Does Water Expand When It Freezes?
Yes, water expands when it freezes. Note that the word expands here indicates an increase in volume. So, a technically sound way to put it would bewaters volume increases when it freezes. This statement is accurate, and you can test its...
Science ABC
Can We Really Build Cars That Run Only On Water?
While it is certainly enticing when a company or individual claims that they have developed technology that can power cars purely on the water when it comes to science, there is a fundamental restriction to this very idea. Simply put,...
Science ABC
Why Does Water Evaporate at Room Temperature?
Water evaporates at room temperature because the molecules at the top of the liquid have less intermolecular attraction than those within the bulk. When the top layer is exposed to sunlight, some molecules gain enough kinetic energy to...
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Substrate
In materials science, the substrate is the surface on which a coating is deposited. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...
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Molecular weight
The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule, usually expressed in atomic mass units. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....