Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Treaty With the Cheyenne and Arapaho; October 14, 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Actual text of the treaty, which removes members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho nations to a reservation, gives additional land grants in reparation for the Sand Creek Massacre, and promises annual payments to tribal members.
Handout
CommonLit

Common Lit: Text Sets: Westward Expansion

For Students 9th - 10th
Throughout the 1800s, Americans pushed ever westward in the search of prosperity and the American dream. It was a time of growth and adventure for settlers, and loss for most American Indians. This collection includes 7 Grade-Leveled...
Article
Other

New Mexico History Museum: The Long Walk of the Navajo and Mescalaro Indians

For Students 9th - 10th
An account of the long walk of the Navajo to Bosque Redondo and Kit Carson's involvement in the relocation.
Website
Other

Illinois Department of Natural Reserve: Prophetstown History

For Students 6th - 8th
This resource provides background historical information of the creation of Prophetstown.
Primary
PBS

Pbs Archives of the West: Dawes Act

For Students 9th - 10th
The text of the famous Dawes Act of 1887 which attempted to provide allotment of lands to Native Americans.
Article
Other

Woman Spirit: Tocmetone (Sarah Winnemucca) Paiute

For Students 9th - 10th
Biography of Winnemucca, peacemaker, crusader, and champion of the Native American cause.
eBook
Other

Yosemite Online Library: Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims

For Students 9th - 10th
Here is the entire text of Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins' definitive work on the Paiutes and their claims against the U.S. government.
Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Red Coud's Speech After Wounded Knee

For Students 9th - 10th
A learning module that begins with "Red Coud's Speech after Wounded Knee" by Chief Red Cloud, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online...
Website
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: The Plight of the Native Americans

For Students 9th - 10th
Overview of the plight of Native Americans and government policy after Reconstruction in an era of expanding settlement in U.S.
Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Heartbeat of Mother Earth

For Students 5th - 6th
A learning module that begins with the poem "Heartbeat of Mother Earth" by CR Willing McManis, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online...
Handout
CommonLit

Common Lit: Text Sets: Native American History

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a collection of 27 Grade-Leveled texts (4-12) on the topic Native American History. Before European settlers came to North America, millions of native people lived in many unique societies. Explore the history of Native Americans...
Article
Arizona State University

Jaie: An Anti Poverty Exploration Project

For Students 9th - 10th
The Journal of American Indian Education provides this 1965 article describes a part of the Johnson's War on Poverty program that was planned to improve conditions for non-reservation Indian communities.
Website
Other

Kickapoo History

For Students 9th - 10th
A thorough look at the history and culture of the Kickapoo Indians from Pre-Columbian times to 1900.
Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: Treaty With Kiowa, Comanche and Apache; Oct. 21, 1867

For Students 9th - 10th
Actual text of the Medicine Lodge Treaty, which establishes an Apache reservation, promises to establish reservation schools and increases annual payments of money and supplies.
Primary
PBS

Pbs the West: Gen. Nelson A. Miles on the "Sioux Outbreak"

For Students 9th - 10th
Statements and reports forwarded up the chain of command in 1891 about the failure of the government to provide either food or other promised support to Sioux Indians after the destruction of buffalo herds.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Closing the Frontier

For Students 5th - 8th
A brief look at the conflict between Native Americans in the last half of the 19th century. By the end of the century, Native Americans were relegated to reservation life. See how the struggle was fought and find out the advantages of...
Website
Smithsonian Institution

National Museum of American History: Treasures of Am. History: Western Expansion

For Students 9th - 10th
Shown are images and descriptions of artifacts that express the challenges that the migrants, Mexicans, and Indians shared in their quest for westward expansion in the United States during the 1800s.
Handout
Other

Powerful People: Geronimo, Chiricahua Apache

For Students 9th - 10th
Many beautiful quotes from Geronimo, as well as a short biography.
Primary
Other

Kansas History: The Last Land Rush

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief description of the land rush onto the Cherokee Strip, land sold by the Cherokees to the U.S. government in 1891.
Primary
Other

Powerful People: Chief Joseph, Nez Perce (1840 1904)

For Students 9th - 10th
Many strong and insightful quotes from Chief Joseph as well as a brief biography and picture.
Handout
Other

Nevada Writers Hall of Fame: Tocmetoni Sarah Winnemucca

For Students 9th - 10th
Contains a description on the life and works of Sarah Winnemucca, Native American author and rights activist.
Article
Other

Cyber Learning World: A Brief Look at the Massacre of Wounded Knee

For Students 6th - 8th
Read an interesting article on the massacre at Wounded Knee written in an engaging way by a high school social studies teacher.
Interactive
Other

A Web of Understanding: Ktunaxa Nation

For Students 9th - 10th
The Ktunaxa Nation were the first group to inhabit the Kootenay area. With the coming of Europeans, they suffered enormous prejudice, even more so that immigrants from other lands. See original documents, news articles and photographs...
Website
PBS

Pbs Learning Media: New Confidence

For Students 9th - 10th
This Wide Angle video looks at the reservations that a traditional Indian family had about their daughter taking a job in India's outsourcing industry.

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