National Institute of Open Schooling
Chemical Thermodynamics
All chemical reactions require energy. To explore thermodynamics, classes read and discuss its laws, exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy in many forms, calculate enthalpy problems, and use Hess' Law to calculate enthalpy of a...
National Institute of Open Schooling
Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions
Do spontaneous reactions really occur? Activity 12 in a series of 36 focuses on spontaneity of chemical reactions. Learners read about, discuss, and answer questions pertaining to entropy, explain the third law of thermodynamics, explore...
It's About Time
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Emerging biochemists more fully understand the flow of energy in ecosystems as they explore the laws of thermodynamics and relate them to energy transfer in food chains. They also investigate heat loss from the human body and how...
National Institute of Open Schooling
Chemical Equilibrium
Le Chatelier's interest in thermodynamics and building materials such as cement and plaster led to the Le Chatelier Principle in 1884. Activity 13 in a series of 36 extensively explores chemical equilibrium. Learners read about...
Wikimedia
Wikipedia: The Laws of Thermodynamics
A Wikipedia article summarizing each of the laws of thermodynamics. Links are provided throughout the article for additional information.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The principle of thermal equilibrium is discussed and explained. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is stated. Links to several other pages with related information are provided.
Estrella Mountain Community College
Estrella Mountain: Laws of Thermodynamics
Estrella Mountain Community College provides excellent introductory information on the laws of thermodynamics. Has some learning objectives outlined at the end of the page.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: First Law of Thermodynamics
At this site from Georgia State University the first law of thermodynamics is stated and explained. The meaning of internal energy and enthalpy is discussed. Equations are given and the importance of a system analysis is discussed.
Other
Cosmic Ancestry/the Second Law of Thermodynamics
The differences between thermodynamic entropy and logical entropy are explained, especially how they relate to the second law of thermodynamics. Entropy in biology is also discussed.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics
Georgia State University Physics Department privides an incredibly thorough treatment of the laws of thermodynamics. Multiple pages; many informative graphics; opportunities to practice problems and receive immediate feedback.
FT Exploring
Ft Exploring: The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Learn about one of the most misunderstood principles of physics, the second law of thermodynamics.
FT Exploring
Ft Exploring: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Equilibrium & Heat Engines
Use this illustrated guide to understand equilibrium and heat engines as they relate to the second law of thermodynamics.
Physics4kids
Physics4 Kids: Thermodynamics and Heat: Laws of Thermodynamics
Explains the laws of thermodynamic, including the zeroth law.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Law Concepts
This site from Georgia State University Department of Physics and Astronomy is an indexing page for the HyperPhysics site. The page links to a variety of other pages which discuss concepts related to entropy and the second law of...
Physics4kids
Rader's Physics4 kids.com: Thermodynamics & Heat: First Law of Thermodynamics
Explains how the first law of thermodynamics affects four types of thermodynamic systems.
Physics4kids
Physics4 Kids: Thermodynamics and Heat: Second Law of Thermodynamics
Explains the second law of thermodynamics.
Texas Education Agency
Texas Gateway: Thermodynamics: Glossary
This is a glossary of terms and definitions used in Chapter 15: Thermodynamics from the AP Physics online text.
University of Toronto (Canada)
University of Toronto: Entropy
A discussion of entropy that focuses on explaining entropy, how it applies to the second law of thermodynamics, and real-life observations of the existence of entropy.
Victorian Web
Victorian Web: Conservation of Energy and Thermodynamics
This site is about the trace of the evolution of historical ideas concerning energy conservation and the laws of thermodynamics.
Georgia State University
Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Conservation of Energy as a Fundamental Principle
See how this principle translates in to fluids and the Bernoulli equation as well as into electric circuits and the voltage law and finally into heat and thermodynamics through the first law of thermodynamics.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Heat and Work
With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this resource provides a foundation to a study of the second Law of Thermodynamics emphasizing the transformation in energy involved in work.
NASA
Glenn Research Center: Conservation of Energy
From the Glenn Research Center at NASA, read about the law of conservation of energy. Included are formulas and many links to key terms.
Energy for Sustainable Development
Esd Bulgaria: Kids & Energy: Energy Principles
Provides a basic explanation of what energy is, how the laws of thermodynamics apply, and how energy differs from work.
Physics4kids
Physics4 kids.com: Thermodynamics & Heat: Enthalpy
Concise information about enthalpy, the measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system.