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Trail of Tears Assoc: The Story Trail of Tears National Historic Trail

For Students 9th - 10th
Follow the early history of Native American and European contact in America. As more settlers moved west, a law was passed to relocate the Cherokee from Arkansas. The routes they followed and the cruelties they suffered came to be known...
Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: America's History in the Making: Contested Territories

For Students 9th - 10th
This site highlights the westward expansion of settlers in North America and the effects this expansion had on Native Americans between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
Website
Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation

History Is Fun: Jamestown Questions and Answers [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
This document presents important questions about the Jamestown settlement, along with detailed answers. Topics include the Native American Powhatan Indians and their interactions with the settlers, the purpose of creating the settlement...
Activity
National Geographic

National Geographic: Society: A History of Trade in New York City

For Teachers 3rd - 5th
A lesson based on the New York City seal that explores the trading relationship between the Dutch and Native Americans in New Amsterdam.
Lesson Plan
National Endowment for the Humanities

Neh: Edsit Ement: What Should a House Do

For Teachers K - 1st
Site provides an extensive lesson plan that challenges students to compare early American houses to present day houses. Very comprehensive site with several activities that will assist students in understanding common features of houses....
Handout
CommonLit

Common Lit: Text Sets: Westward Expansion

For Students 9th - 10th
Throughout the 1800s, Americans pushed ever westward in the search of prosperity and the American dream. It was a time of growth and adventure for settlers, and loss for most American Indians. This collection includes 7 Grade-Leveled...
Activity
Library of Congress

Loc: America's Story: Pocahontas

For Students 3rd - 5th
Learn more about Pocahontas through the accounts of her adventures. This information explains the relationship between Pocahontas and the English settlers.
Website
Other

Illinois State Museum: Native American Food

For Students 3rd - 8th
Experiences during the colonial years certainly were not the same for different cultural groups. This site compares and contrasts the housing, clothing, food, religion and family life of Native Americans, French settlers, and African...
Website
Oklahoma State University

Oklahoma State University: Angie Debo Collection: Biography

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the writings of Oklahoma historian Angie Debo and her work as a civil rights activist,
Handout
Other

The Great Plains in Midwestern Culture

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the history of the people on the Great Plains, both the Native Americans and early settlers.
Article
A&E Television

History.com: Why the Wampanoag Signed a Peace Treaty With the Mayflower Pilgrims

For Students 9th - 10th
The peace accord, which would be honored on both sides for the next half-century, was the first official treaty between English settlers and Native Americans, and a rare example of cooperation between the two groups. On the orders of...
Primary
Ibis Communications

Eye Witness to History: Buffalo Hunt, 1846

For Students 9th - 10th
Before the European settlers almost wiped out the buffalo, there were huge herds roaming the Plains.The buffalo hunts by Native Americans were essential for the survival of the tribes, and were fine tuned challenges between man and...
Website
Other

California Missions Resource Center

For Students Pre-K - 1st
Peruse this thorough resource featuring historical California missions stretching from San Diego to San Francisco as the Spanish established themselves on the west coast of North America between 1768-1853. Read stories of the early...
eBook
Other

Hillcrest High School: Us History: Expansion in Texas [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
This chapter covers a time in Texas history during the mid-nineteenth century when Mexico offered land grants to American settlers, but conflict developed over religion and other cultural differences.
Handout
Other

Monticello: President Jefferson & the Indian Nations

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource discusses how Thomas Jefferson sought to bind Native Americans to the United States through treaties for security reasons and how he tried to get the Indians to adapt to a way of life like the white settlers' way of life.
Lesson Plan
Other

Rhode Island: First Inhabitants

For Teachers 3rd - 8th
At this site read a concise description of the different Native American groups that first lived in the Rhode Island area. Also learn about the earliest European settlers and a bit about their lives after settlement.
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Us History: 1865 1898: The Reservation System

For Students 9th - 10th
In the nineteenth century, Native Americans were confined to reservations to open up land for white settlers.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Native Resistance in the Trans Appalachian West

For Students 5th - 8th
This site gives a brief look at the Indian alliance built by Tecumseh to confront the U.S. military which wanted to protect the settlers moving west into Indian territory.
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My Hero Project

My Hero: Chief Joseph

For Students 9th - 10th
This brief student-written article on Chief Joseph and his efforts to maintain peace between his people and the white settlers includes several links to further information and books for further reading and research.
Handout
Ancestry

Rootsweb: The Creek War

For Students 9th - 10th
Following the Revolutionary War, more and more settlers began to migrate into what was the territory of the Indians. By the early 19th century, there was open hostilty between whites and Indians. Farmers wanted more land and the Indians...
Handout
Other

Lumen Learning: Encroachment and Resistance

For Students 9th - 10th
In the latter part of the 1800s, settlers began to ignore treaties when expanding westward. The government followed suit by declaring they would no longer negotiate new treaties, that they had the power to enforce laws on reservation...
Article
Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation

History Is Fun: Cultures at Jamestown [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
A six-page discussion of the mix of cultures that converged in the colony of Jamestown and the challenges this presented. These cultures were the English settlers, the indigenous Powhatan people, and the African slaves. Despite many...
Website
Other

Environment Canada: Native Peoples Great Lakes Region

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides information on the Indians that inhabited the Great Lakes Region upon settlement by Europeans.
Website
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Frontier Life: The Crow Indians and Montana Settlers

For Students 9th - 10th
Find out how the Crow Indians were affected by the opening of the Montana Territory to white settlement. From a companion essay to the PBS series, Frontier House.