The man who invented the earliest examples of chemical engineering was an American-born, French-educated, free man of color before the Civil War, and went on to translate Egyptian hieroglyphics. There is something of...

All chemical reactions require energy. To explore thermodynamics, classes read and discuss its laws, exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy in many forms, calculate enthalpy problems, and use Hess' Law to calculate enthalpy of a...

Do spontaneous reactions really occur? Activity 12 in a series of 36 focuses on spontaneity of chemical reactions. Learners read about, discuss, and answer questions pertaining to entropy, explain the third law of thermodynamics, explore...

Le Chatelier's interest in thermodynamics and building materials such as cement and plaster led to the Le Chatelier Principle in 1884. Activity 13 in a series of 36 extensively explores chemical equilibrium. Learners read about...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation to energy, heat, and work.

This site provides a general overview of thermochemistry, the division of chemistry that deals with temperature in chemical reactions. Content explores what heat and cold really are, the heat and energy around you, and a bit about Lord...

Work, in regards to thermodynamics, is defined and calculated using the expansion and contraction of gasses.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this resource provides a foundation to a study of the second Law of Thermodynamics emphasizing the transformation in energy involved in work.

Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site seeks to answer the question, what is a reversible reaction? Acting as part of a larger informative site on equilibrium, various topics are addressed including...

With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation to entropy. Other topics covered include entropy and disorder, absolute entropies, and more.

With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and colligative properties. Other topics covered include osmotic pressure, entropy, free energy, and more.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and molecules as energy carriers and converters. Topics covered include how molecules take up thermal energy,...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation to entropy. Information on the topic ranges from reversible and irreversible changes to standard...

With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and energy. The site specifically addresses free energy and the Gibbs function.

With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and entropy. The subject, absolute entropies, is discussed in addition to the third law of thermodynamics, phase...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and thermal energy. Other topics covered include kinetic energy, translation, rotation, vibrations, density, and more.

With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and entropy. Other topics covered include standard entropy, gases, and more.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics with information on thermal energy. Topics covered include heat capacity, temperature, translational motions of...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics. This section of the site focuses on the kind of work associated with chemical change, pressure-volume work.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and calorimetry. Other topics covered include calorimeter constant, bomb calorimetry, and more.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation to enthalpy. Topics covered include bond enthalpies and bond energies, energy content of fuels,...

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation Hess's law and enthalpies of combustion.

With an overview of topics related to chemical energetics, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation the heat capacity or specific heat.

Explanation of bond enthalpy that includes examples of calculating enthalpies of reaction using bond enthalpy.