Long jealous of his older brother Osiris, the god who ruled all of Egypt, the warrior god Set plotted to overthrow him. Hosting an extravagant party as a ruse, Set announced a game— whoever could fit perfectly in a wooden chest could...

Pupil outcome: I can use knowledge of parts and wholes to find a unit fraction of a set of objects. Key learning points: - The whole can be a set of objects. - To identify the size of a part, we can divide the whole amount by the number...

Pupil outcome: I can identify parts and wholes in different contexts. Key learning points: - The whole has been divided into __ equal parts. - Each equal part is one-__ of the whole. - Fractions can be represented as part of a shape or a...

A restriction map is a map of known restriction sites within a sequence of DNA. Restriction mapping requires the use of restriction enzymes. In molecular biology, restriction maps are used as a reference to engineer plasmids or other...

Our understanding of DNA as the hereditary material emerged gradually, challenging the early belief that proteins, not DNA, were responsible for heredity. A pivotal moment came in 1928 when Frederick Griffith discovered bacterial...

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic instructions for an organism's growth, development, and reproduction, encoded by sequences of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases form...

In this video you will learn to create restriction maps based on the banding pattern obtained on agarose gel image.

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a tightly linked gene cluster encoding cell surface molecules essential for antigen presentation and tissue graft rejection, known as histocompatibility antigens. In humans (HLA complex on...

This video explains the difference between plasma serum and antiserum.

This video explains the different types of evaluation based on the new updated SET syllabus 2019

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) uses a gel matrix formed by polymerizing acrylamide and bis-acrylamide through free radicals generated by TEMED and APS. This exothermic polymerization forms linear chains cross-linked into a 3D...

Mutagenesis is the process of inducing mutations using physical, chemical, or biological mutagens, though mutations can also occur spontaneously during DNA replication. Physical mutagens include ionizing radiation (X-rays, gamma rays)...

Ultraviolet (UV) light acts as a physical mutagen by inducing pyrimidine dimers, especially thymine dimers, which distort DNA structure and hinder transcription and replication. The damage can be repaired by photo reactivation, a process...

In some cases, a cell can fix DNA damage simply by reversing the chemical reaction that caused it. To understand this, we need to realize that "DNA damage" often just involves an extra group of atoms getting attached to DNA through a...

DNA repair mechanisms like base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) fix damage by removing and replacing affected regions. BER removes a single damaged base using glycosylases (e.g., to fix deaminated cytosine),...

The Ames test, developed by Bruce Ames in the 1970s, is a bacterial reverse mutation assay used to assess whether a chemical is a mutagen by observing its ability to induce reverse mutations in auxotrophic bacterial strains (e.g.,...

Gram staining is a differential staining method that classifies bacteria as Gram-positive (purple) or Gram-negative (red) based on their cell wall structure and composition. Gram-positive bacteria retain crystal violet due to a thick,...

Plants absorb water from the soil using root hairs, and transport it through three main pathways: vacuolar, symplast, and apoplast. In the vacuolar pathway, water moves through vacuoles and plasmodesmata but faces high resistance. The...

A factor, condition or parameter that can be observed and measured in the course of scientific research.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...

A set of well-defined lines within the electromagnetic spectrum, emitted by hot or excited matter.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...

The average value of a set of data, calculated by adding all the values and dividing by the number of values.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images...

The process of carrying out a set of chemical reactions to create a chemical product or products, often one not found in nature such as, a synthetic drug.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms...

The middle value of a list of data arranged in incremental order.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...

Creating a Venn diagram to reveal the differences and surprising similarities between rainforest and desert environments. Maths - Algebra A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math films...